1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
Which cranial nerve controls most of the muscles of facial expression?
- ATrigeminal nerve (V)
- BHypoglossal nerve (XII)
- COculomotor nerve (III)
- DFacial nerve (VII)
2.Human anatomyHard
After a fracture of the midshaft of the humerus, a patient cannot extend the wrist and fingers ("wrist drop"). Which nerve is most likely injured?
- AUlnar nerve
- BRadial nerve
- CMedian nerve
- DAxillary nerve
3.Human physiologyMedium
Which protein forms the mesh that stabilises a blood clot?
- AAlbumin
- BCollagen
- CThrombin
- DFibrin
4.Human physiologyHard
At the start of a fever, a patient shivers and feels cold even though body temperature is rising. Why?
- ASweating has already cooled the body too much
- BThe body has lost its ability to produce heat
- CPyrogens raise the hypothalamic set point above the current body temperature
- DThe thermoreceptors in the skin are destroyed
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
How does facilitated diffusion differ from simple diffusion?
- AIt uses ATP to move molecules uphill
- BIt only moves gases such as oxygen
- CIt uses channel or carrier proteins but no ATP
- DIt moves molecules against their gradient using a pump and ATP
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
Starch and cellulose are both made of glucose. Why can humans digest starch but not cellulose?
- AHumans lack an enzyme that breaks the bonds in cellulose
- BCellulose contains no glucose units at all, only fructose
- CStarch is a protein, and cellulose is a lipid
- DCellulose dissolves in water but starch does not
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
How many oxygen atoms are in one formula unit of calcium nitrate, Ca(NO₃)₂?
- A3
- B5
- C6
- D2
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
Element A has 1 valence electron and element B has 7 valence electrons, both in period 3. Which statement best compares them?
- AA is a nonmetal and B is a metal
- BA is a reactive metal and B is a reactive nonmetal
- CBoth are unreactive because they are in the same period
- DBoth are metalloids
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: D · Facial nerve (VII)
Why this is the answer
The facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) supplies the muscles of facial expression. Damage causes facial palsy, as in Bell's palsy.
2.Human anatomy
Answer: B · Radial nerve
Why this is the answer
The radial nerve runs in the radial (spiral) groove of the humeral shaft. It supplies the wrist and finger extensors, so injury causes wrist drop.
3.Human physiology
Answer: D · Fibrin
Why this is the answer
Thrombin converts soluble fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin strands, which bind the platelet plug and trap red cells to form a stable clot.
4.Human physiology
Answer: C · Pyrogens raise the hypothalamic set point above the current body temperature
Why this is the answer
Pyrogens trigger prostaglandin E₂ in the hypothalamus, raising the set point. Until body temperature reaches the new set point, heat-gain responses such as shivering occur.
C · Pyrogens raise the hypothalamic set point above the current body temperature
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · It uses channel or carrier proteins but no ATP
Why this is the answer
In facilitated diffusion, molecules that cannot cross the lipid bilayer pass through membrane proteins, still down their gradient and without ATP.
C · It uses channel or carrier proteins but no ATP
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · Humans lack an enzyme that breaks the bonds in cellulose
Why this is the answer
The glucose units in cellulose are joined by a different type of bond than in starch. Humans make amylase for starch but no enzyme for cellulose. Cows rely on gut microbes that make cellulase.
A · Humans lack an enzyme that breaks the bonds in cellulose
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · 6
Why this is the answer
Each NO₃⁻ contains 3 oxygen atoms, and the subscript 2 doubles the bracket: 2 × 3 = 6 oxygen atoms. The unit also has 1 Ca and 2 N.
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · A is a reactive metal and B is a reactive nonmetal
Why this is the answer
Period 3 with 1 valence electron is sodium, a reactive metal; with 7 it is chlorine, a reactive nonmetal. They react with each other to form the ionic compound NaCl.
B · A is a reactive metal and B is a reactive nonmetal
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