1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
Which nerve supplies the diaphragm?
- AVagus nerve
- BPhrenic nerve
- CAccessory nerve
- DIntercostal nerves
2.Human anatomyHard
In the fetus, the ductus arteriosus connects the pulmonary trunk to the aorta. What does it become after birth?
- ALigamentum arteriosum
- BLigamentum teres
- CLigamentum venosum
- DFossa ovalis
3.Human physiologyMedium
The hormone secretin is released when acid enters the duodenum. What is its main effect?
- AInsulin release from the endocrine pancreas
- BContraction of the gallbladder
- CAcid secretion from the stomach
- DBicarbonate secretion from the pancreas
4.Human physiologyHard
In a patient with primary hypothyroidism, you would expect:
- ALow TSH and low free T4
- BHigh TSH and low free T4
- CLow TSH and high free T4
- DHigh TSH and high free T4
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
Where does translation take place?
- AIn the lysosomes
- BAt the ribosomes
- CInside the nucleus
- DIn the cell wall
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
Why is ATP described as an energy carrier rather than a long-term energy store?
- AATP can be made only in plants
- BATP contains no energy in its bonds, so it cannot be stored
- CATP is stored in large amounts in fat tissue
- DCells hold only a little and constantly recycle it from ADP
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
Rubbing alcohol evaporates faster than water at room temperature. What does this suggest?
- AIt has a higher boiling point than water
- BIts molecules are heavier than water molecules
- CIts intermolecular forces are stronger than water's
- DIts intermolecular forces are weaker than water's
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
A compound is a gas at room temperature, does not conduct electricity in any state, and is made of two nonmetals. What kind of substance is it most likely?
- AAn ionic compound (a lattice of ions)
- BA metal with delocalised electrons
- CA giant covalent network solid
- DA simple molecular (covalent) substance
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: B · Phrenic nerve
Why this is the answer
The phrenic nerve (roots C3–C5) is the motor supply to the diaphragm. High cervical cord injury above C3 therefore stops spontaneous breathing.
2.Human anatomy
Answer: A · Ligamentum arteriosum
Why this is the answer
The ductus arteriosus closes after birth and becomes the ligamentum arteriosum. The foramen ovale becomes the fossa ovalis and the ductus venosus becomes the ligamentum venosum.
A · Ligamentum arteriosum
3.Human physiology
Answer: D · Bicarbonate secretion from the pancreas
Why this is the answer
Secretin stimulates pancreatic duct cells to secrete bicarbonate-rich fluid, which neutralises acidic chyme so intestinal enzymes can work.
D · Bicarbonate secretion from the pancreas
4.Human physiology
Answer: B · High TSH and low free T4
Why this is the answer
When the thyroid fails, low T4 removes negative feedback and the pituitary raises TSH. Low TSH with low T4 would point to secondary (pituitary) hypothyroidism.
B · High TSH and low free T4
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · At the ribosomes
Why this is the answer
Ribosomes read mRNA codons and join the amino acids carried by transfer RNA into a protein.
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · Cells hold only a little and constantly recycle it from ADP
Why this is the answer
Cells keep only a small amount of ATP and remake it all the time from ADP and phosphate using energy from respiration. Long-term energy is stored as glycogen and fat.
D · Cells hold only a little and constantly recycle it from ADP
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · Its intermolecular forces are weaker than water's
Why this is the answer
Liquids with weaker attractions between molecules evaporate more easily (they are more volatile) and have lower boiling points. Water's extensive hydrogen bonding makes it evaporate more slowly.
D · Its intermolecular forces are weaker than water's
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · A simple molecular (covalent) substance
Why this is the answer
Nonmetals bond covalently, and a gas at room temperature must have weak forces between separate molecules. No ions or free electrons means no conduction. Giant networks such as diamond are solids with very high melting points.
D · A simple molecular (covalent) substance
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