1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
Which artery is most commonly used to feel the pulse at the wrist?
- AUlnar artery
- BRadial artery
- CAxillary artery
- DBrachial artery
2.Human anatomyHard
Injury to the common fibular (peroneal) nerve at the neck of the fibula typically causes:
- AFoot drop
- BInability to flex the knee
- CWeak hip abduction
- DLoss of sensation on the sole of the foot
3.Human physiologyMedium
Which hormonal event triggers ovulation?
- AA surge of luteinising hormone (LH)
- BA fall in oestrogen
- CA surge of prolactin
- DA rise in progesterone from the corpus luteum
4.Human physiologyHard
Why does breathing 100% oxygen correct hypoxaemia from a true right-to-left shunt only poorly?
- AShunted blood is already fully saturated
- BThe extra oxygen is all exhaled as CO₂
- CPure oxygen damages haemoglobin
- DThe shunted blood never comes into contact with alveolar gas
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
What does Mendel's law of segregation state?
- ADominant alleles are more common in a population than recessive ones
- BEach gamete receives both alleles of every gene
- CGenes on different chromosomes are always inherited together
- DThe two alleles of a gene separate so each gamete gets only one
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
A plant cell is placed in pure water. Why does it not burst like an animal cell?
- APlant cells have no cell membrane
- BIts vacuole pumps all the water straight out again
- CWater cannot enter plant cells
- DIts cell wall pushes back as the cell fills, making it firm (turgid)
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
What is the conjugate base of nitric acid, HNO₃?
- ANO₂⁻
- BH₂NO₃⁺
- CHNO₂
- DNO₃⁻
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
Equal volumes of 1 M HCl and 1 M NaOH are mixed. What is the approximate pH of the result?
- A14
- B3.5
- C7
- D1
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: B · Radial artery
Why this is the answer
The radial artery lies superficially on the thumb side of the wrist, against the radius, which makes the pulse easy to feel.
2.Human anatomy
Answer: A · Foot drop
Why this is the answer
The common fibular nerve supplies the dorsiflexors and evertors. Damage at the fibular neck causes foot drop and a high-stepping gait. The sole is supplied by the tibial nerve.
3.Human physiology
Answer: A · A surge of luteinising hormone (LH)
Why this is the answer
Rising oestrogen from the dominant follicle triggers an LH surge from the anterior pituitary, which causes ovulation about a day later.
A · A surge of luteinising hormone (LH)
4.Human physiology
Answer: D · The shunted blood never comes into contact with alveolar gas
Why this is the answer
Shunted blood bypasses ventilated alveoli and mixes deoxygenated blood into arterial blood. Extra inspired oxygen cannot reach it, unlike in V/Q mismatch or hypoventilation.
D · The shunted blood never comes into contact with alveolar gas
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · The two alleles of a gene separate so each gamete gets only one
Why this is the answer
During meiosis the two alleles of each gene separate, so each gamete carries one allele. At fertilisation, the offspring receives one allele from each parent.
D · The two alleles of a gene separate so each gamete gets only one
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · Its cell wall pushes back as the cell fills, making it firm (turgid)
Why this is the answer
Water enters by osmosis, the vacuole swells and presses on the cell wall. The wall resists, so the cell becomes turgid instead of bursting.
D · Its cell wall pushes back as the cell fills, making it firm (turgid)
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · NO₃⁻
Why this is the answer
A conjugate base is what remains after an acid donates a proton: HNO₃ → H⁺ + NO₃⁻. The nitrate ion is the conjugate base.
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · 7
Why this is the answer
The H⁺ and OH⁻ react completely to give water and NaCl, which is neutral, so the pH is about 7.
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