1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
Which artery is most commonly used to feel the pulse at the wrist?
- ARadial artery
- BAxillary artery
- CBrachial artery
- DUlnar artery
2.Human anatomyHard
Which muscle "unlocks" the fully extended knee by rotating the femur laterally on the tibia at the start of flexion?
- ASartorius
- BGastrocnemius
- CPopliteus
- DBiceps femoris
3.Human physiologyMedium
Which protein forms the mesh that stabilises a blood clot?
- AFibrin
- BAlbumin
- CThrombin
- DCollagen
4.Human physiologyHard
What is the main reason the ventricles do not contract at the same moment as the atria?
- AThe SA node fires twice per beat
- BThe Purkinje fibres conduct slowly
- CThe ventricles have a longer refractory period only
- DConduction is delayed at the atrioventricular node
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
A solution of pH 4 is compared with a solution of pH 6. How many times more hydrogen ions does the pH 4 solution have?
- A100 times
- B10 times
- C20 times
- D2 times
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
A breastfed baby receives antibodies from its mother's milk. Why does this protection last only a short time?
- AThe antibodies turn into memory cells after a few weeks
- BThe baby did not make these antibodies and forms no memory cells
- CThe antibodies from breast milk attack the baby's own red blood cells
- DThe baby's stomach makes the antibodies more active
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
Magnesium forms Mg²⁺ ions and oxygen forms O²⁻ ions. What is the formula of magnesium oxide?
- AMgO₂
- BMgO
- CMg₂O₂
- DMg₂O
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
The pH of a solution changes from 6 to 4. What happened to its hydrogen ion concentration?
- AIt became 100 times smaller
- BIt became 100 times greater
- CIt became 2 times smaller
- DIt became 2 times greater
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: A · Radial artery
Why this is the answer
The radial artery lies superficially on the thumb side of the wrist, against the radius, which makes the pulse easy to feel.
2.Human anatomy
Answer: C · Popliteus
Why this is the answer
At full extension the knee locks by medial rotation of the femur. Popliteus laterally rotates the femur on the fixed tibia to unlock it so flexion can begin.
3.Human physiology
Answer: A · Fibrin
Why this is the answer
Thrombin converts soluble fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin strands, which bind the platelet plug and trap red cells to form a stable clot.
4.Human physiology
Answer: D · Conduction is delayed at the atrioventricular node
Why this is the answer
The AV node conducts slowly (about 0.1 s delay), so atrial contraction completes ventricular filling before ventricular depolarisation begins.
D · Conduction is delayed at the atrioventricular node
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · 100 times
Why this is the answer
The pH scale is logarithmic. A difference of 2 pH units means 10 × 10 = 100 times more hydrogen ions in the more acidic solution.
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · The baby did not make these antibodies and forms no memory cells
Why this is the answer
In passive immunity, ready-made antibodies are received from another source. They are gradually broken down, and since the baby's own immune system did not respond, no memory cells form. Active immunity, from infection or vaccination, lasts longer.
B · The baby did not make these antibodies and forms no memory cells
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · MgO
Why this is the answer
One Mg²⁺ (2+) balances one O²⁻ (2−), so the formula is MgO. Mg₂O₂ has the right ratio but formulas of ionic compounds use the simplest ratio.
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · It became 100 times greater
Why this is the answer
Each pH unit is a tenfold change. Falling by 2 units raises [H⁺] by 10 × 10 = 100 times.
B · It became 100 times greater
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