1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
In which structure do sperm mature and get stored after leaving the testis?
- ASeminal vesicle
- BProstate gland
- CEpididymis
- DSeminiferous tubules
2.Human anatomyHard
When a patient stands on the right leg only, the left side of the pelvis drops (positive Trendelenburg sign). Which nerve is most likely damaged?
- ALeft superior gluteal nerve
- BRight superior gluteal nerve
- CRight femoral nerve
- DRight inferior gluteal nerve
3.Human physiologyMedium
Which ABO blood group has both anti-A and anti-B antibodies in the plasma?
- AGroup AB
- BGroup O
- CGroup B
- DGroup A
4.Human physiologyHard
Why can a patient with carbon monoxide poisoning have a normal PaO₂ but severe tissue hypoxia?
- ACO lowers the barometric pressure in the alveoli
- BCO blocks diffusion across the alveolar wall
- CCO occupies haemoglobin binding sites, so oxygen content falls
- DCO stops oxygen from dissolving in plasma
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
Why do many plants close their stomata on hot, dry days?
- ATo take in more carbon dioxide
- BTo speed up photosynthesis
- CTo reduce water loss
- DTo release more oxygen
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
A single bacterium divides every 20 minutes. If none die, how many bacteria are there after 2 hours?
- A12
- B64
- C32
- D128
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
Why is a water molecule polar?
- AHydrogen is more electronegative than oxygen
- BWater molecules are straight, with both hydrogens on one line
- COxygen pulls the shared electrons more strongly, and the molecule is bent
- DWater has ionic bonds between hydrogen and oxygen
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
At room temperature chlorine (Cl₂) is a gas, bromine (Br₂) is a liquid and iodine (I₂) is a solid. What best explains this trend?
- AChlorine is ionic, while iodine is metallic
- BThe covalent bond in I₂ is much stronger than in Cl₂
- CIodine forms hydrogen bonds but chlorine does not
- DLarger molecules with more electrons have stronger dispersion forces
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: C · Epididymis
Why this is the answer
Sperm are made in the seminiferous tubules and then mature and are stored in the epididymis before passing into the ductus deferens.
2.Human anatomy
Answer: B · Right superior gluteal nerve
Why this is the answer
The superior gluteal nerve supplies gluteus medius and minimus. If those of the standing (right) leg are weak, the pelvis sags on the opposite, unsupported side.
B · Right superior gluteal nerve
3.Human physiology
Answer: B · Group O
Why this is the answer
Group O people have no A or B antigens and make both anti-A and anti-B. Group AB has both antigens and neither antibody.
4.Human physiology
Answer: C · CO occupies haemoglobin binding sites, so oxygen content falls
Why this is the answer
CO binds haemoglobin far more strongly than oxygen and shifts the curve left. Dissolved O₂ (PaO₂) is normal, but total oxygen content and release to tissues drop sharply.
C · CO occupies haemoglobin binding sites, so oxygen content falls
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · To reduce water loss
Why this is the answer
Closing the stomata reduces water loss by transpiration and helps the plant avoid wilting. The cost is that less CO₂ can enter, so photosynthesis slows.
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · 64
Why this is the answer
Two hours contain 6 periods of 20 minutes, and the number doubles each time: 2⁶ = 64.
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · Oxygen pulls the shared electrons more strongly, and the molecule is bent
Why this is the answer
The O–H bonds are polar because oxygen is more electronegative. The bent shape means the bond dipoles do not cancel, so oxygen is slightly negative and the hydrogens slightly positive.
C · Oxygen pulls the shared electrons more strongly, and the molecule is bent
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · Larger molecules with more electrons have stronger dispersion forces
Why this is the answer
Going down group 17 the molecules get bigger with more electrons, so temporary dipoles are larger and dispersion forces stronger. More energy is needed to separate the molecules, raising melting and boiling points.
D · Larger molecules with more electrons have stronger dispersion forces
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