NCLEX-PN-शैली के अभ्यास प्रश्न (LPN/LVN): क्रैम पैक

When giving several medicines through a feeding tube, what is correct?

1. AGive them without flushing to save time
2. BCrush every tablet, including modified-release ones
3. CGive each medicine separately and flush with water between them
4. DMix them all together in the feed so they are given at the same time

Why is heat usually avoided on a fresh soft-tissue injury during the first day?

1. AIt widens blood vessels and can increase swelling and bleeding
2. BIt narrows blood vessels and reduces blood flow to the injury
3. CIt makes the muscles weaker for several weeks
4. DIt numbs the area so the patient cannot feel pain

A patient cannot bear weight and cannot help with transfers. Which method is safest to move the patient from bed to chair?

1. AAsking the patient to stand and try their best
2. BA mechanical lift used by enough trained staff
3. COne nurse doing a standing pivot transfer
4. DTwo nurses lifting the patient under the arms

During bedside handoff, the patient says, “I’m allergic to sulfa drugs,” but no allergy is recorded. What should the nurse do?

1. ATell the patient that sulfa drugs are always safe
2. BWait until the patient is discharged to update the record
3. CIgnore it, because the electronic record is more reliable than the patient’s memory
4. DClarify the reaction, update the allergy record and tell the prescriber

A patient has a serum potassium of 2.9 mEq/L. Which finding should the nurse expect?

1. AFlushed, warm skin and a slow heart rate
2. BA rise in urine output and thirst only
3. CTall, peaked T waves and muscle twitching
4. DMuscle weakness and U waves on the ECG

A patient has full-thickness burns all the way around the chest and is finding it harder to breathe, although the airway is clear. What does this suggest?

1. AThe patient has had too little IV fluid and needs a fast bolus to improve the breathing
2. BThe patient is anxious and only needs reassurance
3. CThe burns are healing and the skin is tightening normally
4. DThe tight burned skin is restricting chest movement, so an escharotomy may be needed

बीटा-ब्लॉकर देने से पहले कौन-सा अवलोकन जाँचना सबसे महत्वपूर्ण है?

1. Aकेवल तापमान
2. Bमल त्याग
3. Cहृदय गति और रक्तचाप
4. Dकेवल रक्त शर्करा

A patient with lung cancer develops swelling of the face and arms, distended neck veins and breathlessness that is worse lying down. What should be suspected?

1. ARight-sided heart failure from valve disease
2. BSuperior vena cava obstruction
3. CHypothyroidism
4. DAn allergic reaction to food

A patient on warfarin for atrial fibrillation has a target INR of 2.0–3.0. How does the usual target for a patient with a mechanical mitral valve compare?

1. AMuch higher, about 5.0–6.0
2. BHigher, about 2.5–3.5
3. CLower, about 1.0–1.5
4. DThe same, 2.0–3.0

A patient with ongoing hemolytic anemia has an HbA1c of 4.6%, but home glucose readings are often 180–220 mg/dL (10–12 mmol/L). What best explains the gap?

1. AThe home glucose meter is reading falsely high
2. BHemolysis makes the HbA1c test read too high
3. CShort red cell life span lowers the HbA1c falsely
4. DThe patient has true, well-controlled diabetes

Why is IV promethazine given with great caution?

1. AIt causes a severe rise in blood pressure when it is given intravenously
2. BIt is a strong opioid that causes addiction
3. CIt can cause severe tissue injury if it leaks or enters an artery
4. DIt causes immediate kidney failure

Why are tetracyclines usually avoided in pregnancy and in young children (under 8 years in US guidance, under 12 years in the UK)?

1. AThey cause grey baby syndrome in infants
2. BThey block the action of growth hormone and stunt the child's growth
3. CThey bind to growing teeth and bone and stain the teeth permanently
4. DThey cause severe hearing loss in children

How should a patient breathe in when using a dry powder inhaler?

1. ASeveral times, breathing out into the device between breaths
2. BThrough the nose with the mouthpiece in the mouth
3. CSlowly and gently over about ten seconds
4. DQuickly and deeply, after breathing out away from the device

A patient with squamous cell lung cancer becomes confused, thirsty and constipated, with abdominal pain. Which electrolyte disturbance is most likely?

1. AHypomagnesaemia
2. BHypercalcaemia
3. CHyponatraemia
4. DHypokalaemia

Which picture fits anterior cord syndrome?

1. ANormal movement but complete loss of position sense
2. BLoss of movement and pain sense, with position sense kept
3. CWeakness on one side and loss of pain sensation on the other side
4. DArms much weaker than legs after a neck injury

A patient on a variable rate IV insulin infusion is nil by mouth. Why is a glucose-containing IV fluid usually given alongside it?

1. ATo stop the insulin sticking to the IV tubing
2. BTo prevent hypoglycaemia while insulin is running
3. CTo speed up the action of the insulin in the muscles
4. DTo replace the potassium lost from the cells

Why is a gastrostomy tube with an internal bumper usually advanced and rotated regularly once the tract has healed?

1. ATo remove any feed left in the stomach
2. BTo make the tube longer as the patient grows or gains weight
3. CTo stop the inner bumper becoming buried in the stomach wall
4. DTo check that the patient is still hungry

On day 5 after a major burn, a patient is confused, with a temperature of 39.2 °C, tachycardia, and an offensive, discoloured wound. What should the nurse suspect?

1. ABurn wound infection with sepsis
2. BThe normal hypermetabolic response alone
3. CDelirium from boredom on the ward
4. DAn allergy to the dressing only

In fetal circulation, what is the function of the foramen ovale?

1. AIt carries blood from the pulmonary artery to the aorta
2. BIt lets blood from the umbilical vein bypass the liver
3. CIt shunts blood from the right atrium to the left atrium
4. DIt carries blood from the aorta back to the placenta

A pregnant woman tests positive for hepatitis B surface antigen. What should the nurse expect for the newborn?

1. AHepatitis B vaccine within hours of birth, often with immunoglobulin
2. BNo treatment until the baby is 6 months old
3. CA caesarean birth to prevent all transmission
4. DFormula feeding only, because breastfeeding is contraindicated

A 3-day-old has a red, swollen eyelid with a heavy discharge of pus. What should the nurse do?

1. AArrange prompt medical review, as infection from the birth canal is possible
2. BClean the eye with breast milk and review in a week
3. CApply an over-the-counter steroid eye ointment
4. DReassure the parents that sticky eyes are always harmless in the first weeks of life

A 9-year-old is being treated for an acute asthma attack. Which finding shows that treatment is working?

1. AThe wheeze has disappeared and the child is now very drowsy
2. BThe child is now sitting bolt upright, leaning on the arms
3. CThe heart rate has risen further after each dose of salbutamol
4. DSlower breathing, easier speech and less use of the neck and chest muscles

What is the key difference between factitious disorder and malingering?

1. AThere is no real difference between them, and both terms mean exactly the same thing
2. BIn factitious disorder, the symptoms are not produced on purpose at all
3. CMalingering is a severe mental disorder, while factitious disorder is not classed as a mental disorder at all
4. DIn factitious disorder, the aim is to be seen as ill; in malingering, the aim is an external reward

A patient who has taken haloperidol for many years now has repeated lip smacking and tongue movements. Which action is most appropriate?

1. AGive benztropine, because it reliably reverses these movements
2. BReport the movements, assess them with a scale such as the AIMS and ask for a medication review
3. CIncrease the haloperidol dose, because a higher dose suppresses the abnormal movements of the mouth and tongue
4. DReassure the patient that the movements will soon stop on their own

अभ्यास प्रश्न (काल्पनिक मान, नैदानिक मार्गदर्शन नहीं)। एक रोगी का तापमान 99.2 °F है। इसे °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9 से डिग्री सेल्सियस T में बदलिए। एक दशमलव स्थान तक पूर्णांकित कीजिए।

अभ्यास प्रश्न (काल्पनिक मान, नैदानिक मार्गदर्शन नहीं)। एक इन्फ्यूज़न 21:15 पर शुरू होता है और अगली सुबह 08:00 पर समाप्त होता है (24-घंटे की घड़ी)। यह कितने मिनट t चला?

एक रोगी का वज़न 60 kg है। निर्धारित खुराक 25 mg/kg प्रति दिन है, 3 बराबर खुराकों में। प्रति खुराक कितने मिलीग्राम D दिए जाते हैं?

निर्धारित खुराक 0.27 mg है। ऐम्पूल में प्रति mL 500 माइक्रोग्राम है। 1 mL की सिरिंज में खुराक खींचें: आप कितना आयतन V देते हैं?

10 बूँद/mL वाले सेट से 1500 mL को 12 घंटों में दें। ड्रिप दर R बूँद प्रति मिनट में ज्ञात करें। निकटतम पूर्ण संख्या तक पूर्णांकित कीजिए।

एक बैग में 1000 mL में 4 g दवा है। आदेश 4 mg प्रति मिनट है। आप पंप को किस दर R पर, mL/h में, सेट करेंगे?

अभ्यास प्रश्न (काल्पनिक मान, नैदानिक मार्गदर्शन नहीं)। रिकॉर्ड एक 12-घंटे की शिफ़्ट के लिए रोगी का अंतर्ग्रहण और निर्गम दिखाता है। IV इन्फ्यूज़न पूरी शिफ़्ट में दिखाई गई दर पर चला। द्रव संतुलन B = अंतर्ग्रहण − निर्गम mL में ज्ञात कीजिए (ऋणात्मक उत्तर का अर्थ शुद्ध हानि है)।

अभ्यास प्रश्न (काल्पनिक मान, नैदानिक मार्गदर्शन नहीं)। एक 1000 mL इन्फ्यूज़न 10:30 पर 80 mL/h से शुरू होता है। 4 घंटे बाद दर बदलकर 100 mL/h की जाती है और फिर नहीं बदली जाती। शुरुआत के कितने घंटे t बाद बैग खाली होगा? एक दशमलव स्थान तक पूर्णांकित करें।

अभ्यास प्रश्न (काल्पनिक मान, नैदानिक मार्गदर्शन नहीं)। एक अभ्यास रोगी का मोर्स फ़ॉल स्केल से आकलन किया गया है: पिछले 3 माह में गिरने का इतिहास: नहीं; द्वितीयक निदान: हाँ; चलने में सहायता: कोई नहीं, बिस्तर पर आराम या नर्स सहायता करती है; IV चिकित्सा या सैलाइन लॉक: हाँ; चाल: बाधित; मानसिक स्थिति: अपनी सीमाएँ जानता है। मोर्स कुल MFS ज्ञात कीजिए।

अभ्यास प्रश्न (काल्पनिक मान, नैदानिक मार्गदर्शन नहीं)। इन अवलोकनों के लिए NEWS2 चार्ट (SpO₂ स्केल 1) का उपयोग कीजिए: श्वसन दर 32/min, SpO₂ 98% कमरे की हवा में, रक्तचाप 142/86 mmHg, नाड़ी 76/min, सचेत, तापमान 38.1 °C। रोगी किस नैदानिक जोखिम समूह में आता है? उसे चुनिए।

1. 1निम्न
2. 2कम से मध्यम
3. 3मध्यम
4. 4उच्च