1.प्राथमिकता निर्धारण और प्रत्यायोजनमध्यम
When making patient assignments, what should the charge nurse consider first?
- AGiving each nurse patients in rooms next to each other
- BLetting staff choose the patients they prefer
- CMatching each patient’s needs to staff competence
- DGiving the newest staff the most complex patients
2.प्राथमिकता निर्धारण और प्रत्यायोजनकठिन
A child who had a tonsillectomy this morning is swallowing again and again while asleep. What should the nurse suspect?
- AA sore throat from the breathing tube
- BHunger after fasting for surgery
- CNormal swallowing during sleep
- DBleeding from the operation site
3.संक्रमण नियंत्रण और रोगी सुरक्षामध्यम
Why is keeping a patient warm (normothermia) during surgery part of infection prevention?
- ALow body temperature reduces blood flow and immune function in the wound
- BWarmth sterilizes the surgical site
- CWarm patients do not need antibiotic prophylaxis
- DCold makes bacteria grow faster in the operating room air and on the drapes
4.संक्रमण नियंत्रण और रोगी सुरक्षाकठिन
A nurse has a needlestick from a patient whose HIV and hepatitis status is unknown. What should happen?
- ANothing, because the source patient is probably not infected
- BThe nurse is assumed to be infected and stops all work
- CThe nurse waits six months before having any blood tests at all
- DThe source patient is tested per policy, and the nurse has baseline tests
5.प्रयोगशाला मान और इलेक्ट्रोलाइटमध्यम
A patient with hyponatremia from SIADH starts tolvaptan. Why is the serum sodium checked frequently in the first day?
- AThe sodium always falls further
- BThe sodium can rise too quickly
- CThe drug lowers blood glucose sharply
- DThe drug causes severe hyperkalemia
6.प्रयोगशाला मान और इलेक्ट्रोलाइटकठिन
Which set of results most strongly suggests hemolytic anemia?
- ALow hemoglobin, high reticulocytes, high unconjugated bilirubin, high LDH
- BLow hemoglobin, low platelets, low white cells, low reticulocytes
- CLow hemoglobin, low reticulocytes, low MCV, low ferritin
- DLow hemoglobin, high MCV, low vitamin B12, normal bilirubin
7.नैदानिक नर्सिंगमध्यम
Why is blood pressure monitored closely in a patient with an epidural infusion?
- AThe epidural pump uses the blood pressure to set the rate
- BBlood pressure readings show whether the catheter is infected
- CEpidurals always cause severe hypertension that needs regular treatment
- DThe local anaesthetic can block sympathetic nerves and cause hypotension
8.नैदानिक नर्सिंगकठिन
A patient has a blood pressure of 220/130 mmHg with headache, confusion and visual disturbance. Why is the blood pressure lowered in a controlled way rather than as fast as possible?
- ARapid lowering causes hyperglycaemia
- BA sudden drop can reduce blood flow to the brain, heart and kidneys
- CBlood pressure cannot be lowered with drugs
- DRapid lowering always causes the hypertension to come back much worse
9.मेड-सर्ज: हृदय-संवहनी और श्वसनमध्यम
During an episode of chest pain, a patient's ECG shows new horizontal ST depression. What does this most likely indicate?
- AMyocardial ischaemia
- BPericarditis
- CHyperkalaemia
- DA normal finding during pain
10.मेड-सर्ज: हृदय-संवहनी और श्वसनकठिन
Four hours after abdominal surgery, a patient's heart rate has risen from 84 to 122/min and they are restless and pale. BP is still 118/76 mmHg, and the surgical drain is filling with blood. What should the nurse conclude?
- AEarly haemorrhagic shock is likely, so escalate urgently
- BThe patient is stable because the blood pressure is normal
- CThe drain is working well, so no action is needed
- DThe tachycardia is from pain and needs only analgesia
11.मेड-सर्ज: तंत्रिका, अंतःस्रावी और गुर्दामध्यम
A patient with Addison's disease takes fludrocortisone as well as hydrocortisone. Why?
- ATo replace the missing adrenaline
- BTo lower the blood pressure
- CTo treat a low thyroid hormone level
- DTo replace the missing aldosterone
12.मेड-सर्ज: तंत्रिका, अंतःस्रावी और गुर्दाकठिन
एक दौरा 12 मिनट से चल रहा है। बेंज़ोडायज़ेपीन की दो खुराकें दी जा चुकी हैं, और दौरा जारी है। वायुमार्ग और ऑक्सीजन प्रबंधित हैं। सामान्य प्रोटोकॉल में अगला कदम क्या है?
- Aलेवेटिरासेटम या फ़ेनिटॉइन जैसी द्वितीय-पंक्ति IV दवा
- Bहर दो मिनट में बेंज़ोडायज़ेपीन की तीसरी और चौथी खुराक
- Cमरीज़ के निगल सकने पर मौखिक एंटीसीज़र गोलियाँ देना
- Dयह देखने के लिए कि दौरा रुकता है या नहीं, और 30 मिनट प्रतीक्षा करना
13.मेड-सर्ज: पाचन, शल्य-पूर्व/पश्चात और कैंसरमध्यम
गंभीर तीव्र पैंक्रियाटाइटिस में कौन-सी इलेक्ट्रोलाइट समस्या हो सकती है?
- Aहाइपरनैट्रीमिया
- Bहाइपरकैलीमिया
- Cहाइपरकैल्सीमिया
- Dहाइपोकैल्सीमिया
14.मेड-सर्ज: पाचन, शल्य-पूर्व/पश्चात और कैंसरकठिन
An older patient on regular opioids has small amounts of liquid stool leaking all day, but has not had a formed bowel movement for 6 days. What is the most likely cause?
- ANormal stool pattern on opioids
- BAcute infective gastroenteritis
- CA flare of ulcerative colitis
- DFaecal impaction with overflow