उत्तरों सहित प्रयोगशाला मान और इलेक्ट्रोलाइट वर्कशीट

श्वेत रक्त कोशिका गणना की वयस्क में सामान्य संदर्भ सीमा क्या है?

1. Aलगभग 4.5–11 × 10³/µL (4.5–11 × 10⁹/L)
2. Bलगभग 25–40 × 10³/µL (25–40 × 10⁹/L)
3. Cलगभग 0.5–1.0 × 10³/µL (0.5–1.0 × 10⁹/L)
4. Dलगभग 150–400 × 10³/µL (150–400 × 10⁹/L)

An eGFR below which value indicates stage 5 chronic kidney disease (kidney failure)?

1. A15 mL/min/1.73 m²
2. B60 mL/min/1.73 m²
3. C90 mL/min/1.73 m²
4. D45 mL/min/1.73 m²

हाइपोकैलेमिया में कौन-सा ECG परिवर्तन विशिष्ट है?

1. Aडेल्टा तरंगें और छोटा PR अंतराल
2. Bऊँची, नुकीली T तरंगें और चौड़ा QRS
3. Cचपटी T तरंगें और प्रमुख U तरंगें
4. Dदो या अधिक पास की लीड्स में ST उन्नयन

दो दिनों से उल्टी कर रहे रोगी का BUN 32 mg/dL (यूरिया 11.4 mmol/L) है और क्रिएटिनिन सामान्य है। सबसे संभावित कारण क्या है?

1. Aअतिजलयोजन
2. Bयकृत विफलता
3. Cकम-प्रोटीन आहार
4. Dनिर्जलीकरण

During a red cell transfusion, when are serious acute reactions most likely, so the nurse stays with the patient?

1. AIn the first 15 minutes
2. BThe next morning
3. CAfter the last drop is given
4. DAfter about 2 hours

A patient taking spironolactone asks about using a salt substitute. What should the nurse explain?

1. ASalt substitutes are safe because they contain only sodium chloride
2. BSalt substitutes protect against the potassium loss caused by this drug
3. CMost salt substitutes contain potassium and can raise the level too high
4. DSalt substitutes are fine as long as the patient drinks more water

A patient with ongoing hemolytic anemia has an HbA1c of 4.6%, but home glucose readings are often 180–220 mg/dL (10–12 mmol/L). What best explains the gap?

1. AHemolysis makes the HbA1c test read too high
2. BThe home glucose meter is reading falsely high
3. CShort red cell life span lowers the HbA1c falsely
4. DThe patient has true, well-controlled diabetes

A patient with diabetes and chronic kidney disease had a CT scan with IV contrast. Two days later, the creatinine has risen from 1.4 to 2.0 mg/dL (124 to 177 µmol/L). Which action is most appropriate?

1. AReport it, monitor urine output and hold metformin until reviewed
2. BGive extra metformin, because the glucose rises after contrast
3. CIgnore it, because contrast never affects kidney function
4. DRestrict all fluids to protect the kidneys from more contrast