उत्तरों सहित प्रयोगशाला मान और इलेक्ट्रोलाइट वर्कशीट

What is the main effect of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) on the kidneys?

1. AMore water is excreted, so the urine becomes dilute
2. BMore potassium is reabsorbed, so the serum potassium rises
3. CMore glucose is excreted, so the urine contains sugar
4. DMore water is reabsorbed, so urine is concentrated

Which drug is routinely monitored with blood levels because of its narrow therapeutic range?

1. ALithium
2. BAmoxicillin
3. COmeprazole
4. DLoratadine

Which laboratory test is traditionally used to adjust a continuous infusion of unfractionated heparin?

1. AInternational normalized ratio (INR)
2. BErythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
3. CActivated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)
4. DPlatelet function assay (PFA-100 test)

A patient with sepsis has a lactate of 2.1 mmol/L on admission and 4.3 mmol/L two hours later, despite IV fluids. What does this suggest?

1. AWorsening tissue perfusion that needs urgent reporting
2. BExpected muscle activity from shivering in fever
3. CA normal response to IV fluids in the first hours
4. DImproving circulation as the fluids start to work

In countries that screen all pregnant women (such as the US), a vaginal-rectal swab is taken at about 36–37 weeks. Which organism is it screening for?

1. ACandida albicans
2. BStaphylococcus aureus
3. CGroup B Streptococcus
4. DHepatitis B virus

How does normal pregnancy usually affect serum creatinine?

1. AIt falls, because GFR rises
2. BIt stays exactly the same
3. CIt rises with every week
4. DIt rises, because GFR falls

A patient has macrocytic anemia with low vitamin B₁₂ and antibodies to intrinsic factor. What does this suggest, and how is it usually treated?

1. AFolate deficiency, treated with folic acid only
2. BPernicious anemia, treated with B₁₂ injections
3. CHemolytic anemia, treated with blood transfusion
4. DIron deficiency, treated with oral iron tablets

The nurse teaches a patient with iron-deficiency anemia who is starting oral iron. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I can take it with orange juice to help absorption"
2. B"I'll keep the tablets out of reach of the children"
3. C"I'll take my iron tablet with a big glass of milk"
4. D"My stools may look darker while I take the tablets"