उत्तरों सहित प्रयोगशाला मान और इलेक्ट्रोलाइट वर्कशीट

A patient who has not eaten for 2 days has ketones in the urine. What is the most likely reason?

1. AThe bladder has a bacterial infection
2. BThe kidneys are leaking protein
3. CThe liver is making too much glucose
4. DThe body is burning fat for energy

Vitamin B₁₂ deficiency typically causes which type of anemia?

1. AAplastic anemia, with an empty bone marrow
2. BMicrocytic anemia, with small red cells
3. CMacrocytic anemia, with large red cells
4. DHemolytic anemia, with destroyed red cells

What does a positive direct antiglobulin test (direct Coombs test) show?

1. AThe patient's platelets are clumping together in the blood sample
2. BThe patient's red cells are too small and contain little hemoglobin
3. CAntibodies or complement are attached to the patient's red cells
4. DThe patient's plasma is missing the clotting factor VIII

A patient with HIV on antiretroviral therapy has an undetectable viral load. What does this mean?

1. AThe treatment can now be stopped without any risk
2. BThe CD4 count must now be dangerously low too
3. CThe virus has been completely cured and removed
4. DThe treatment is suppressing the virus very well

दीर्घकालिक गुर्दा रोग में उच्च सीरम फ़ॉस्फ़ेट के साथ आमतौर पर कैल्शियम में कौन-सा परिवर्तन होता है?

1. Aकेवल उच्च सीरम पोटैशियम, कैल्शियम में कोई परिवर्तन नहीं
2. Bउच्च सीरम कैल्शियम
3. Cकम सीरम कैल्शियम
4. Dकैल्शियम में कोई परिवर्तन नहीं

A patient with diabetes also takes propranolol. Why is regular glucose monitoring especially important?

1. AThe drug causes very high glucose in all patients
2. BThe drug can mask warning signs of hypoglycemia
3. CThe drug stops the meter from reading correctly
4. DThe drug blocks the insulin injection site

दीर्घकालिक हाइपोनैट्रेमिया (सोडियम 118 mEq/L) वाले रोगी का उपचार हो रहा है। सोडियम को धीरे-धीरे क्यों बढ़ाना चाहिए?

1. Aतेज़ सुधार से सोडियम और भी नीचे गिर जाता है
2. Bधीमा सुधार केवल अस्पताल का खर्च घटाने के लिए आवश्यक है
3. Cतेज़ सुधार हाइपोकैलेमिया करता है, जो एकमात्र जोखिम है
4. Dइससे ऑस्मोटिक डिमाइलिनेशन, यानी मस्तिष्क की गंभीर चोट, हो सकती है

A patient with heavy alcohol use and a poor diet has a hemoglobin of 10.1 g/dL (101 g/L), an MCV of 110 fL and a low red cell folate. Which explanation fits best?

1. AThalassemia trait inherited from one of the parents
2. BFolate deficiency, made worse by a direct alcohol effect
3. CAnemia caused by long-standing chronic kidney disease
4. DIron deficiency from slow, chronic bleeding in the gut