उत्तरों सहित प्रयोगशाला मान और इलेक्ट्रोलाइट वर्कशीट

Using American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria, a fasting plasma glucose of 100–125 mg/dL (5.6–6.9 mmol/L) is classed as:

1. AType 1 diabetes mellitus
2. BNormal fasting glucose for an adult
3. CPrediabetes (impaired fasting glucose)
4. DMild hypoglycemia (low glucose)

What is a typical adult reference range for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)?

1. AAbout 40–80 mIU/L
2. BAbout 0.01–0.04 mIU/L
3. CAbout 0.4–4.0 mIU/L
4. DAbout 10–20 mIU/L

वयस्क महिला में हीमोग्लोबिन का कौन-सा मान सामान्य संदर्भ सीमा से नीचे है?

1. A12.8 g/dL (128 g/L)
2. B9.2 g/dL (92 g/L)
3. C14.6 g/dL (146 g/L)
4. D13.5 g/dL (135 g/L)

A patient with hyperkalemia is prescribed an oral potassium binder such as patiromer or sodium zirconium cyclosilicate. How does this drug lower potassium?

1. AIt binds potassium in the gut so it leaves in the stool
2. BIt stops the kidneys from absorbing water in the tubules
3. CIt protects the heart muscle against high potassium levels
4. DIt moves potassium into cells in the next few minutes

A patient on warfarin for atrial fibrillation has a target INR of 2.0–3.0. How does the usual target for a patient with a mechanical mitral valve compare?

1. ALower, about 1.0–1.5
2. BThe same, 2.0–3.0
3. CHigher, about 2.5–3.5
4. DMuch higher, about 5.0–6.0

An older adult with chronic kidney disease starts trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for a urinary tract infection. Which electrolyte should be monitored closely?

1. ACalcium, because the drug binds calcium in the gut
2. BPotassium, because trimethoprim can raise it
3. CSodium, because the drug causes heavy sodium retention
4. DChloride, because the drug causes chloride loss

A patient has marked generalized edema. Results show heavy proteinuria, serum albumin 1.8 g/dL (18 g/L) and total cholesterol 340 mg/dL (8.8 mmol/L). Which condition fits best?

1. ANephrotic syndrome
2. BPrerenal kidney injury
3. CAcute pyelonephritis
4. DLiver cirrhosis only

An older adult with type 2 diabetes is drowsy and very dehydrated. Glucose 920 mg/dL (51 mmol/L), serum osmolality 350 mOsm/kg, pH 7.36, urine ketones negative or trace. Which condition fits best?

1. ASyndrome of inappropriate ADH (SIADH)
2. BMetformin-related lactic acidosis
3. CDiabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
4. DHyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS)