उत्तरों सहित प्रयोगशाला मान और इलेक्ट्रोलाइट वर्कशीट

What is a typical adult reference range for serum chloride?

1. AAbout 3.5–5.0 mEq/L
2. BAbout 135–145 mEq/L
3. CAbout 98–106 mEq/L
4. DAbout 22–28 mEq/L

Lactate is mainly produced when cells:

1. ABreak down protein in the liver for energy
2. BStore glucose as glycogen in the muscles
3. CBreak down fat completely with oxygen
4. DBreak down glucose without enough oxygen

What is a "critical value" (panic value) in laboratory reporting?

1. AA result that is normal but differs from the patient's last value
2. BAny result that is slightly outside the laboratory reference range
3. CA result that the laboratory could not measure because of a bad sample
4. DA result so abnormal that it may threaten life and needs prompt action

A patient with recurrent gout starts allopurinol. Which laboratory result shows that the treatment is achieving its goal?

1. AA falling serum uric acid
2. BA rising serum calcium
3. CA falling serum potassium
4. DA rising white cell count

A patient with hyperkalemia is prescribed an oral potassium binder such as patiromer or sodium zirconium cyclosilicate. How does this drug lower potassium?

1. AIt moves potassium into cells in the next few minutes
2. BIt binds potassium in the gut so it leaves in the stool
3. CIt stops the kidneys from absorbing water in the tubules
4. DIt protects the heart muscle against high potassium levels

A patient with type 2 diabetes starts prednisone each morning. When is the glucose most likely to be highest?

1. AThe glucose will not change
2. BIn the afternoon and evening
3. CIn the early morning, before the dose
4. DAt midnight only

A nursing student has a positive interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) for tuberculosis, no symptoms and a normal chest X-ray. What does this most likely mean?

1. ALatent TB infection, which is not contagious
2. BActive pulmonary TB, which is contagious
3. CA false result, as the test does not detect TB
4. DPast BCG vaccination only, with no infection

A patient with acute pancreatitis has a rising BUN, a falling calcium and a glucose of 250 mg/dL (13.9 mmol/L) over the first 48 hours. What do these results suggest?

1. AIncreasingly severe pancreatitis
2. BA resolving, mild pancreatitis
3. CA lab error from lipemic samples
4. DAn unrelated new kidney stone