उत्तरों सहित प्रयोगशाला मान और इलेक्ट्रोलाइट वर्कशीट

What is the main role of fibrinogen in the blood?

1. AIt carries oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues
2. BIt breaks down clots once the bleeding has stopped
3. CIt transports iron from the gut to the bone marrow
4. DIt is converted to fibrin, which forms the mesh of a clot

Why can bilirubin appear in the urine in obstructive jaundice but not in hemolytic jaundice?

1. AUnconjugated bilirubin is broken down in the bladder
2. BOnly conjugated bilirubin is water soluble and filtered
3. CThe kidneys are always damaged in obstructive jaundice
4. DHemolysis stops the kidneys making any urine at all

एक वृद्ध व्यक्ति कई घंटे ज़मीन पर पड़े रहने के बाद मिलता है। कंकालीय मांसपेशी के टूटने (रैब्डोमायोलाइसिस) को कौन-सा रक्त परीक्षण सबसे अच्छी तरह दर्शाता है?

1. Aसीरम एल्ब्यूमिन
2. Bहीमोग्लोबिन A1c (HbA1c)
3. Cसीरम लाइपेज़
4. Dक्रिएटिन काइनेज़ (CK)

An older adult with chronic kidney disease starts trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for a urinary tract infection. Which electrolyte should be monitored closely?

1. AChloride, because the drug causes chloride loss
2. BSodium, because the drug causes heavy sodium retention
3. CCalcium, because the drug binds calcium in the gut
4. DPotassium, because trimethoprim can raise it

A breathless patient in the emergency department has a BNP below 100 pg/mL. What does this suggest?

1. AHeart failure is an unlikely cause of the breathlessness
2. BThe kidneys are failing and the patient needs dialysis
3. CThe patient has had a myocardial infarction in the past day
4. DSevere heart failure is certainly the cause of the problem

A patient with an upper gastrointestinal bleed has a BUN of 48 mg/dL (urea 17 mmol/L) and a normal creatinine. What is the most likely explanation?

1. AThe liver has stopped making urea because of the bleeding
2. BThe kidneys have suddenly lost most of their function
3. CSkeletal muscle is breaking down because of the blood loss
4. DDigested blood adds protein, which the liver turns into urea

A patient with diabetes had a glucose of 58 mg/dL (3.2 mmol/L), took 15 g of fast-acting carbohydrate and, 15 minutes later, the glucose is 64 mg/dL (3.6 mmol/L). The patient is alert. What should the nurse do next?

1. AGive a long-acting insulin dose to stabilize it
2. BWait until the next meal before giving anything
3. CGive a protein snack only and recheck tomorrow
4. DGive another 15 g of fast carbohydrate and recheck

A patient with chronic kidney disease stage 4 has a high phosphate, a low-normal calcium and a very high parathyroid hormone (PTH). What does this show?

1. AVitamin D toxicity from supplements
2. BPrimary hyperparathyroidism from a tumor
3. CHypoparathyroidism after neck surgery
4. DSecondary hyperparathyroidism from CKD