उत्तरों सहित मेड-सर्ज: हृदय-संवहनी और श्वसन वर्कशीट

Which side effect is typical of an inhaled long-acting antimuscarinic such as tiotropium?

1. ADiarrhoea
2. BWeight gain
3. CDry mouth
4. DOral thrush

Which coronary artery mainly supplies the front (anterior) wall of the left ventricle?

1. AThe left anterior descending artery
2. BThe right coronary artery and its marginal branch
3. CThe circumflex artery only
4. DThe pulmonary artery

Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease) is most strongly linked with which factor?

1. ADrinking coffee
2. BSmoking tobacco
3. CLack of sleep
4. DA high-salt diet

Which energy-conservation advice is most useful for a patient with severe COPD?

1. ADo all the household tasks quickly in the morning to get them done
2. BHold the breath while lifting heavy objects
3. CAvoid any activity at all, staying in a chair to save their energy
4. DSit down for tasks such as washing and dressing, and pace activities

Unless fluids are restricted, why are patients with pneumonia encouraged to drink plenty?

1. ATo prevent dehydration and keep secretions thinner
2. BTo make the cough completely stop
3. CTo lower the temperature by diluting the blood plasma
4. DTo flush the bacteria out through the urine

How is orthostatic (postural) hypotension usually assessed?

1. ABP only standing, after a brisk walk along the corridor
2. BBP in both arms at the same moment while sitting
3. CBP lying after rest, then again after 1 and 3 minutes standing
4. DBP once sitting, then once lying down straight after a large meal

A patient with severe chronic kidney disease needs therapeutic anticoagulation for a DVT. Why might unfractionated heparin be chosen instead of a low-molecular-weight heparin?

1. AUnfractionated heparin is taken by mouth
2. BUnfractionated heparin has no bleeding risk at all
3. CLMWH is cleared by the kidneys and can accumulate
4. DLMWH cannot be given to anyone over 60

A patient on an unfractionated heparin infusion has a nosebleed that will not stop, and the aPTT is far above the target range. What is the most appropriate action?

1. AIncrease the infusion, as the aPTT will settle
2. BStop the infusion, inform the prescriber and anticipate protamine
3. CContinue the infusion at the same rate and pack the nose firmly
4. DGive vitamin K and continue the infusion at a slightly lower rate