उत्तरों सहित मेड-सर्ज: हृदय-संवहनी और श्वसन वर्कशीट

फ़्यूरोसेमाइड जैसे लूप डाइयूरेटिक से आम तौर पर कौन-सा इलेक्ट्रोलाइट घटता है?

1. Aआयरन
2. Bफ़ॉस्फ़ेट
3. Cबाइकार्बोनेट
4. Dपोटैशियम

Which colour change is typical of Raynaud's phenomenon?

1. AFingers stay red and hot for several days
2. BThe whole arm turns pale and then black
3. CFingers turn yellow, then green, then brown
4. DFingers turn white, then blue, then red

How does montelukast work in asthma?

1. AIt kills bacteria in the bronchi
2. BIt blocks leukotriene receptors in the airways
3. CIt thins mucus by breaking down DNA
4. DIt stimulates beta-2 receptors in the airways

Which side effect is particularly common with verapamil?

1. AConstipation
2. BDiarrhoea
3. CDry cough
4. DHair loss

A patient's blood pressure is 120/60 mmHg. What is the approximate mean arterial pressure?

1. A100 mmHg
2. B90 mmHg
3. C80 mmHg
4. D60 mmHg

In heart failure, why does activation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system worsen symptoms over time?

1. AIt slows the heart rate dangerously
2. BIt lowers the blood pressure to very low levels over time
3. CIt causes sodium and water retention and vasoconstriction
4. DIt makes the kidneys pass too much dilute urine each day

During a cardiac arrest, the monitor shows an organised rhythm, but there is no pulse. What should the team do?

1. ADeliver an unsynchronised shock at once and then check the pulse
2. BGive adenosine to slow the rhythm down
3. CContinue CPR and give adrenaline (epinephrine), as the rhythm is non-shockable
4. DStop CPR, because an organised rhythm on the monitor means recovery

A nurse reviews inhaler use with a patient who has asthma and uses a separate steroid preventer inhaler and a salbutamol reliever. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I use my steroid inhaler every day, even when I feel well."
2. B"I rinse my mouth after the steroid inhaler."
3. C"I carry my blue reliever inhaler with me."
4. D"I use my steroid inhaler when I start to wheeze."