उत्तरों सहित मेड-सर्ज: हृदय-संवहनी और श्वसन वर्कशीट

How is cystic fibrosis inherited?

1. AAutosomal recessive
2. BIt is not inherited
3. CAutosomal dominant
4. DX-linked recessive

What is the main cause of varicose veins?

1. AFaulty valves in the superficial leg veins
2. BA clot blocking a deep vein in the calf
3. CNarrowing of the leg arteries by plaque
4. DInflammation of the lymph nodes in the groin

What is an aneurysm?

1. AA blood clot in a deep vein
2. BA complete blockage of an artery by plaque
3. CAn abnormal bulging of a weakened artery wall
4. DA tear in the inner lining of a vein

A patient in cardiac rehabilitation asks how hard to exercise. Which simple guide is commonly taught?

1. AExercise so they are a little breathless but can still talk
2. BExercise until chest pain starts, then stop
3. CExercise only until the heart rate rises even slightly
4. DExercise until they are too breathless to speak at all

A young patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy asks why they are told to avoid dehydration. What is the best explanation?

1. AFluids dissolve the extra muscle in the heart wall
2. BDehydration is the cause of the inherited condition
3. CLow blood volume can worsen obstruction of blood leaving the heart
4. DDehydration makes the heart muscle grow thicker within a few hours

When should an adult with cystic fibrosis take pancreatic enzyme capsules?

1. AOnce a day on waking, at least an hour before any food
2. BWith all meals and snacks that contain fat
3. COnly at bedtime
4. DOnly when they have diarrhoea

A patient with asthma needs their reliever every three hours and their peak flow is falling well below their personal best. What does their action plan most likely advise?

1. AWait two weeks to see whether it improves without any change
2. BStop the preventer inhaler for a few days to rest the lungs
3. CFollow the worsening-asthma steps and get a same-day review
4. DDo extra exercise to open the airways

A patient with a COPD exacerbation has been on NIV for two hours. They are now more drowsy, and the pH has fallen further despite a good mask fit. What should the nurse do?

1. AEscalate urgently for review of intubation or a ceiling of care
2. BGive a sedative to help the patient tolerate the mask
3. CRemove the mask and give nebulised bronchodilators only from now on
4. DContinue NIV unchanged and repeat the blood gas tomorrow morning