उत्तरों सहित मेड-सर्ज: हृदय-संवहनी और श्वसन वर्कशीट

What does a positive tuberculin skin test or interferon-gamma release assay show?

1. AInfection with TB at some time, not necessarily active disease
2. BActive, infectious TB of the lungs that needs isolation now
3. CComplete, lifelong immunity to TB after a previous vaccine
4. DThat the patient has never met TB

Which valve lies between the left atrium and the left ventricle?

1. AThe aortic valve
2. BThe pulmonary valve
3. CThe mitral valve
4. DThe tricuspid valve

Which structure is the heart's natural pacemaker?

1. AThe atrioventricular (AV) node
2. BThe Purkinje fibres
3. CThe sinoatrial (SA) node
4. DThe bundle of His

A patient with heart failure starts dapagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor. Which teaching is most relevant?

1. ATake an extra dose if the ankles swell
2. BKeep the genital area clean, as fungal infections are more common
3. CExpect the urine to turn bright orange and stain underwear and clothes
4. DAvoid drinking any fluids at all for the first week of treatment

What is the main problem in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction?

1. AA leaking aortic valve
2. BA blocked pulmonary artery
3. CA dilated ventricle that cannot contract strongly
4. DA stiff ventricle that fills poorly in diastole

परिधीय धमनी रोग वाले मरीज़ को रात में पैर में दर्द होता है। कौन-सी स्थिति उसे कम कर सकती है?

1. Aगर्म पानी की बोतल सीधे पैरों पर रखना
2. Bपैरों को तकियों पर हृदय के स्तर से ऊपर उठाना
3. Cपैरों को बिस्तर के किनारे से नीचे लटकाना
4. Dपैरों को कम्प्रेशन बैंडेज में लपेटना

A nurse phones the doctor about a patient with pneumonia whose observations are worsening. Using SBAR, which statement is the clearest "recommendation"?

1. A"His heart rate is 124/min, his BP is 88/50 mmHg and he is confused."
2. B"I am calling about the patient in bed 6."
3. C"I think he may have sepsis; please review him within 30 minutes."
4. D"He is 72 and was admitted yesterday with community-acquired pneumonia."

During a cardiac arrest, the monitor shows an organised rhythm, but there is no pulse. What should the team do?

1. AContinue CPR and give adrenaline (epinephrine), as the rhythm is non-shockable
2. BStop CPR, because an organised rhythm on the monitor means recovery
3. CDeliver an unsynchronised shock at once and then check the pulse
4. DGive adenosine to slow the rhythm down