उत्तरों सहित मेड-सर्ज: हृदय-संवहनी और श्वसन वर्कशीट

What is the main cause of COPD in high-income countries?

1. AA viral infection
2. BChildhood asthma
3. CEating too much salt
4. DCigarette smoking

What does the term "hypoxaemia" mean?

1. AA low level of haemoglobin in the blood
2. BA fast breathing rate with normal oxygen
3. CA low level of oxygen in the arterial blood
4. DA high level of carbon dioxide in the blood

Which vessels carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

1. AThe coronary sinus
2. BThe venae cavae
3. CThe pulmonary arteries
4. DThe pulmonary veins

Why is active tuberculosis treated with several drugs for at least six months?

1. ABecause each drug works on a different organ only
2. BTo reduce the number of side effects compared with one drug
3. CTo kill slow-growing bacteria and prevent drug resistance
4. DBecause the bacteria are resistant to all drugs at first

How does intermittent pneumatic compression help prevent DVT?

1. AIt warms the legs gently so the blood becomes thinner and flows faster
2. BIt squeezes the legs in cycles to push venous blood towards the heart
3. CIt breaks up and dissolves clots that have already formed in the veins
4. DIt keeps the legs completely still to protect the veins

Which skin changes around the ankles are typical of chronic venous insufficiency?

1. AA sharply defined red patch with fever
2. BBrown staining, swelling and dry, itchy skin
3. CA cold, white foot with no pulse
4. DPale, shiny, hairless skin with weak pulses

एट्रियल फ़िब्रिलेशन के लिए वारफ़रिन ले रहे मरीज़ को क्लैरिथ्रोमाइसिन निर्धारित की गई है। कौन-सी कार्रवाई सबसे उपयुक्त है?

1. Aपूछना कि क्या INR जल्दी जाँचा जाना चाहिए, क्योंकि वह बढ़ सकता है
2. Bकोर्स के दौरान वारफ़रिन की खुराक दोगुनी करना
3. Cकुछ न बदलना, क्योंकि एंटीबायोटिक वारफ़रिन को प्रभावित नहीं करते
4. Dपूरे एंटीबायोटिक कोर्स के लिए वारफ़रिन बंद करना

A healthcare assistant (unlicensed assistive personnel) reports four observations. Which one needs the nurse's attention first?

1. AA patient after a PCI asking for a cup of tea
2. BA patient with heart failure who is newly confused, with SpO₂ 89%
3. CA patient with a DVT whose leg is less swollen today
4. DA patient with COPD whose SpO₂ is 90% on 1 L/min, which is usual for him