उत्तरों सहित मेड-सर्ज: हृदय-संवहनी और श्वसन वर्कशीट

How should glyceryl trinitrate (nitroglycerin) sublingual tablets be stored?

1. AIn direct sunlight on the windowsill
2. BIn the fridge, mixed in one bottle with their other tablets
3. CLoose in a pocket or a plastic pill box for easy access
4. DIn their original container, away from heat and light

What is Cheyne–Stokes breathing?

1. AA harsh, high-pitched sound on breathing in through the throat
2. BCycles of deeper then shallower breaths followed by a pause
3. CBreathing only through pursed lips
4. DConstant deep, fast breathing that never changes in depth

दाएँ-पक्षीय हृदय विफलता का सबसे विशिष्ट निष्कर्ष कौन-सा है?

1. Aनिचले अंगों में सूजन (डिपेंडेंट एडिमा) और बढ़ा हुआ जुगुलर शिरा दाब
2. Bगुलाबी झागदार बलगम और दोनों फेफड़ों के निचले भागों में महीन कड़कड़ाहट
3. Cकेवल सीधे लेटने पर साँस फूलना
4. Dरात में साँस के लिए हाँफते हुए जाग उठना

How does digoxin help a patient with atrial fibrillation and heart failure?

1. AIt speeds conduction through the AV node to the ventricles
2. BIt lowers potassium to stabilise the heart
3. CIt dissolves clots that have formed in the left atrium
4. DIt slows AV node conduction and increases contractility

How big should a suction catheter be compared with the tracheostomy or endotracheal tube?

1. AExactly the same diameter as the tube, for a tight fit
2. BLarger than the tube, so that it clears it completely
3. CNo more than half the internal diameter of the tube
4. DAny size, as the diameter does not matter

A patient with heart failure is comfortable at rest but becomes breathless walking across a room. Which NYHA class fits best?

1. AClass II
2. BClass I
3. CClass IV
4. DClass III

A conscious adult in the dining room is suddenly unable to speak, cough or breathe after a mouthful of food. What should the nurse do first?

1. ALie them down on the floor and start chest compressions immediately
2. BSweep blindly in the mouth with a finger
3. CEncourage them to drink a glass of water to wash the food down
4. DUp to five back blows, then up to five abdominal thrusts if needed

A patient with asthma needs their reliever every three hours and their peak flow is falling well below their personal best. What does their action plan most likely advise?

1. ADo extra exercise to open the airways
2. BFollow the worsening-asthma steps and get a same-day review
3. CStop the preventer inhaler for a few days to rest the lungs
4. DWait two weeks to see whether it improves without any change