उत्तरों सहित मेड-सर्ज: हृदय-संवहनी और श्वसन वर्कशीट

How should glyceryl trinitrate (nitroglycerin) sublingual tablets be stored?

1. AIn the fridge, mixed in one bottle with their other tablets
2. BLoose in a pocket or a plastic pill box for easy access
3. CIn direct sunlight on the windowsill
4. DIn their original container, away from heat and light

In a healthy person, what is the main chemical stimulus for breathing?

1. AA falling level of potassium in the blood
2. BA rising level of oxygen in the blood
3. CA falling level of glucose in the blood after fasting
4. DA rising level of carbon dioxide in the blood

Which examination findings are typical of a large pleural effusion?

1. ACoarse crackles that clear on coughing
2. BDullness to percussion and reduced breath sounds
3. CHyper-resonance and a loud wheeze over the affected side
4. DNormal percussion and bronchial breathing

A patient with chest pain has a first troponin result within the normal range one hour after the pain started. Why is a repeat test arranged?

1. AThe repeat test is only needed for patients over 80
2. BTroponin falls during an MI, so a lower value confirms it
3. CThe first sample is always contaminated
4. DTroponin may take a few hours to rise after muscle damage

In heart failure, why does activation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system worsen symptoms over time?

1. AIt slows the heart rate dangerously
2. BIt causes sodium and water retention and vasoconstriction
3. CIt makes the kidneys pass too much dilute urine each day
4. DIt lowers the blood pressure to very low levels over time

हृदय विफलता वाला मरीज़ ACE इनहिबिटर के साथ स्पाइरोनोलैक्टोन भी शुरू करता है। किस रक्त परिणाम की नज़दीकी निगरानी चाहिए?

1. Aहीमोग्लोबिन, क्योंकि दोनों दवाएँ रक्तस्राव कर सकती हैं
2. Bपोटैशियम, क्योंकि दोनों दवाएँ इसे बढ़ा सकती हैं
3. Cकैल्शियम, क्योंकि दोनों दवाएँ इसे घटा सकती हैं
4. Dग्लूकोज़, क्योंकि दोनों दवाएँ हाइपोग्लाइसीमिया कर सकती हैं

A patient with a tracheostomy suddenly becomes distressed, and a suction catheter will not pass down the tube. What should the nurse do first?

1. ARemove the inner cannula
2. BIncrease the oxygen and wait
3. CGive a nebulised bronchodilator
4. DInflate the cuff with more air

A one-way speaking valve is fitted to a patient's tracheostomy tube while the cuff is still inflated. What is the danger?

1. AThere is no danger, as the valve works with any cuff
2. BThe patient cannot breathe out and may suffocate
3. CThe patient will speak too loudly
4. DThe valve will humidify the air too much