उत्तरों सहित मेड-सर्ज: हृदय-संवहनी और श्वसन वर्कशीट

How does CPAP help in obstructive sleep apnoea?

1. AIt slows the breathing rate during sleep
2. BConstant positive pressure holds the upper airway open
3. CIt delivers a drug that relaxes the airway muscles overnight
4. DIt removes carbon dioxide through a filter

What is Kussmaul breathing?

1. ABreathing that alternates between deep breaths and pauses
2. BNoisy breathing caused by a blocked upper airway
3. CDeep, rapid breathing in response to metabolic acidosis
4. DVery slow, shallow breathing from opioids

What is the normal duration of the QRS complex on an adult ECG?

1. AMore than 0.50 seconds
2. BBetween 0.20 and 0.40 seconds
3. CExactly 1 second
4. DLess than 0.12 seconds

A patient's ankle–brachial pressure index (ABPI) is 0.6. What does this suggest?

1. ASignificant peripheral arterial disease
2. BNormal leg circulation
3. CA deep vein thrombosis
4. DStiff, calcified arteries that read falsely high

A patient's capillary refill time at the fingertip is 4 seconds. What does this suggest?

1. ANormal peripheral perfusion
2. BA high haemoglobin level
3. CReduced peripheral perfusion
4. DAn unusually strong cardiac output

A patient who had a leg amputation says they feel burning pain in the missing foot. What is the best response?

1. AAdvise that it will be ignored until it stops
2. BTell the patient the pain must be imaginary as the foot has gone
3. CExplain that phantom limb pain is real and arrange treatment
4. DExplain that burning pain in the missing foot shows wound infection

A patient is going home after a spontaneous pneumothorax treated with a chest drain. Which advice is correct?

1. AExpect it never to happen again, so no follow-up is needed
2. BStop smoking and do not fly until a doctor confirms full resolution
3. CFly home as soon as possible so they can recover in comfort there
4. DTake up scuba diving to strengthen the lungs

COPD वाला मरीज़ साँस फूलने की स्थिति में है, हवा में SpO₂ 84% है। इष्टतम चिकित्सा उपचार के बावजूद ब्लड गैस में pH 7.30 और बढ़ा हुआ PaCO₂ है। किस उपचार पर विचार किए जाने की संभावना है?

1. Aनेबुलाइज़्ड ब्रोंकोडायलेटर बंद करना
2. Bसाँस की दर धीमी करने के लिए IV शामक
3. Cनॉन-रीब्रीदर मास्क से उच्च सांद्रता की ऑक्सीजन
4. Dनॉन-इनवेसिव वेंटिलेशन (NIV)