उत्तरों सहित मेड-सर्ज: हृदय-संवहनी और श्वसन वर्कशीट

Which vessels carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

1. AThe venae cavae
2. BThe pulmonary arteries
3. CThe coronary sinus
4. DThe pulmonary veins

How is most oxygen carried in the blood?

1. ADissolved freely in the plasma water
2. BBound to albumin and other plasma proteins
3. CCarried as bicarbonate ions in the plasma
4. DBound to haemoglobin in red blood cells

Which of these is a modifiable risk factor for coronary heart disease?

1. AFamily history
2. BOlder age
3. CMale sex
4. DSmoking

Which finding shows that long-standing hypertension has caused target organ damage?

1. ALeft ventricular hypertrophy on the ECG
2. BClear lung fields on the chest X-ray
3. CA heart rate of 72/min
4. DA normal fasting glucose

A patient with stable angina is afraid nicotine patches will harm their heart. Which reply is most accurate?

1. ANicotine replacement only works if smoking continues
2. BPeople with angina must stop smoking without any help
3. CNicotine replacement is much safer than smoking and is recommended
4. DNicotine patches are much more harmful to the heart than cigarettes

A patient is starting doxazosin, an alpha-blocker, for hypertension. Which advice is most important?

1. ATake it with a large glass of grapefruit juice to improve absorption
2. BStop it suddenly if the heart rate rises after the first few doses
3. CTake the first dose at bedtime, as dizziness and fainting can occur
4. DAvoid all potassium-containing foods

A 74-year-old with atrial fibrillation, hypertension and diabetes asks why she needs an anticoagulant when she feels well. Which reply is best?

1. AThe anticoagulant will stop the irregular heartbeat for good
2. BIt is given to lower her blood pressure
3. CHer risk of stroke is high, and an anticoagulant lowers it
4. DIt is needed only while she has palpitations

A patient has sudden severe chest pain spreading to the back between the shoulder blades. Which finding most supports aortic dissection rather than myocardial infarction?

1. AA large difference in blood pressure between the arms
2. BPain that started at rest
3. CSweating, nausea and pallor that started with the pain
4. DA heart rate of 104/min and a respiratory rate of 22/min