उत्तरों सहित मेड-सर्ज: हृदय-संवहनी और श्वसन वर्कशीट

What does "myocardial infarction" mean?

1. ATemporary chest pain with no muscle damage
2. BInfection of the heart valves
3. CDeath of heart muscle caused by a blocked blood supply
4. DInflammation of the membrane that surrounds the heart

What is the main cause of COPD in high-income countries?

1. AChildhood asthma
2. BEating too much salt
3. CCigarette smoking
4. DA viral infection

Which structure is the heart's natural pacemaker?

1. AThe sinoatrial (SA) node
2. BThe atrioventricular (AV) node
3. CThe bundle of His
4. DThe Purkinje fibres

अस्थमा वाला मरीज़ सप्ताह में तीन से अधिक बार अपना रिलीवर इन्हेलर उपयोग करता है। यह क्या सुझाता है?

1. Aअस्थमा का नियंत्रण खराब है और उपचार की समीक्षा आवश्यक है
2. Bअस्थमा वर्तमान योजना से अच्छी तरह नियंत्रित है
3. Cरिलीवर अब काम नहीं करता और उसे बंद कर देना चाहिए
4. Dप्रिवेंटर इन्हेलर की अब आवश्यकता नहीं है

A patient has chest pain at rest in the early morning with brief ST elevation that resolves. Coronary arteries are later found to be clear. Which condition is most likely?

1. AStable exertional angina from a fixed plaque
2. BAcute pericarditis
3. CVasospastic (Prinzmetal) angina
4. DAortic stenosis

How is orthostatic (postural) hypotension usually assessed?

1. ABP only standing, after a brisk walk along the corridor
2. BBP lying after rest, then again after 1 and 3 minutes standing
3. CBP once sitting, then once lying down straight after a large meal
4. DBP in both arms at the same moment while sitting

An older inpatient develops sudden fever, muscle aches and a dry cough during the winter influenza season. Which plan is most appropriate?

1. AWait a week to see whether the symptoms settle before testing
2. BIsolate with droplet precautions, test and expect early antivirals
3. CIsolate only if they develop a rash
4. DLeave them in the open bay and give a course of antibiotics only

A 74-year-old with atrial fibrillation, hypertension and diabetes asks why she needs an anticoagulant when she feels well. Which reply is best?

1. AThe anticoagulant will stop the irregular heartbeat for good
2. BIt is given to lower her blood pressure
3. CHer risk of stroke is high, and an anticoagulant lowers it
4. DIt is needed only while she has palpitations