उत्तरों सहित मेड-सर्ज: पाचन, शल्य-पूर्व/पश्चात और कैंसर वर्कशीट

What is diverticulosis?

1. ASmall pouches in the wall of the colon
2. BInflammation of the whole small bowel wall
3. CA twist of the sigmoid colon on itself
4. DA tumour growing inside the rectum

इलियोस्टॉमी की निकासी आमतौर पर सिग्मॉइड कोलोस्टॉमी की निकासी से कैसे भिन्न होती है?

1. Aइलियोस्टॉमी की निकासी ठोस आकार वाली होती है; कोलोस्टॉमी की निकासी तरल होती है
2. Bदोनों केवल गैस और म्यूकस बनाते हैं
3. Cदोनों दिन में एक बार ठोस आकार का मल बनाते हैं
4. Dइलियोस्टॉमी की निकासी तरल होती है; कोलोस्टॉमी की निकासी ठोस आकार वाली होती है

How does the pain of acute appendicitis typically progress?

1. AIt starts around the umbilicus, then moves to the right lower abdomen
2. BIt stays in the upper abdomen and eases after meals
3. CIt starts in the right shoulder, then moves to the chest
4. DIt starts in the left lower abdomen, then spreads to the back

A patient has taken oral prednisolone daily for many months. Why is this important before surgery?

1. AThey may need extra steroid cover to prevent an adrenal crisis
2. BSteroids prevent all wound infections after surgery
3. CSteroids must always be stopped a full week before any type of surgery
4. DSteroids make the anaesthetic drugs last much longer

A patient with a new colostomy asks what to eat at home. Which advice is most appropriate?

1. AEat only liquids until the stoma is removed
2. BAvoid all fruit and vegetables for the rest of their life
3. CDrink as little fluid as possible to reduce output
4. DEat a normal, balanced diet and introduce foods gradually

Why are antimotility drugs such as loperamide avoided in C. difficile infection?

1. AThey kill the normal bowel bacteria
2. BThey may keep toxin in the bowel and risk toxic megacolon
3. CThey cause serious liver failure in most patients who take them
4. DThey make the stool sample test positive falsely

Four patients from a house fire arrive in the emergency department. Which should the nurse assess first?

1. ARedness on the backs of both hands, and very anxious
2. BPartial-thickness burns to both legs, with pain rated 8/10
3. CCircumferential chest burns, with breathing becoming shallow and laboured
4. DA blistered forearm burn and a small cut on the knee

A nurse teaches a patient with GORD. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"Peppermint tea after dinner will settle my reflux."
2. B"I'll stop smoking because it makes reflux worse."
3. C"I'll try to lose some weight over the next months."
4. D"I'll keep a diary of foods that trigger my symptoms."