उत्तरों सहित मेड-सर्ज: पाचन, शल्य-पूर्व/पश्चात और कैंसर वर्कशीट

What is metastasis?

1. AHealing of tissue after a biopsy
2. BSpread of cancer cells to a distant part of the body
3. CThe first appearance of a tumour in a single organ of the body
4. DShrinking of a tumour after treatment

Which signs suggest early hypovolaemic shock after surgery?

1. AHigh blood pressure with a fast, bounding pulse
2. BRising heart rate, cool skin and slow capillary refill
3. CNormal pulse with heavy sweating only after meals
4. DSlow heart rate, flushed skin and warm hands

Which preoperative allergy must be communicated so that theatre equipment can be changed?

1. ACat hair allergy
2. BLatex allergy
3. CHouse dust mite allergy
4. DPollen allergy

Why do patients with major burns lose so much fluid in the first 24–48 hours?

1. AThe kidneys stop making urine completely
2. BThe burned skin absorbs fluid from the air
3. CLeaky capillaries let plasma move into the tissues
4. DPatients drink far too little in hospital in the first days

Why are patients with diabetes often placed early on the operating list?

1. ABecause their surgery always takes longer than others
2. BTo shorten fasting and reduce swings in blood glucose
3. CBecause their wounds heal faster in the morning
4. DBecause they need to go home before midday

When breaking bad news, what is the first step in frameworks such as SPIKES?

1. AGive all treatment options before checking understanding
2. BSet up a private setting with enough time
3. CAsk the family to decide what the patient should be told
4. DGive the diagnosis as quickly as possible in the corridor

A patient with lung cancer becomes hypotensive and breathless, with distended neck veins and quiet heart sounds. What should the nurse suspect?

1. ACardiac tamponade from a pericardial effusion
2. BSuperior vena cava obstruction from the tumour
3. CHypercalcaemia of malignancy from bone metastases
4. DA side effect of anti-sickness drugs

A patient with three fractured ribs is taking shallow breaths because of pain. Why is effective analgesia a priority?

1. APain relief is only needed for the patient's comfort
2. BGood analgesia makes rib fractures heal fully within a few days
3. CShallow breathing can lead to atelectasis and pneumonia
4. DRib pain always means the heart is damaged