उत्तरों सहित मेड-सर्ज: पाचन, शल्य-पूर्व/पश्चात और कैंसर वर्कशीट

What is atelectasis?

1. ASwelling of both ankles caused by lying in bed after surgery
2. BCollapse of small air sacs in part of the lung
3. CInfection of the surgical wound
4. DA blood clot in a leg vein

Which signs suggest a deep vein thrombosis in the leg?

1. ACold, pale feet on both sides with no pulse
2. BItching between the toes of both feet
3. CSwelling, pain, warmth and redness of one calf
4. DA painless rash on both shins

ऊपरी जठरांत्र रक्तस्राव का स्रोत खोजने और उसका उपचार करने के लिए आमतौर पर कौन-सी जाँच उपयोग होती है?

1. Aबेरियम स्वैलो अध्ययन
2. Bआंत की कोलोनोस्कोपी
3. Cसादा पेट का एक्स-रे
4. Dऊपरी जठरांत्र एंडोस्कोपी

Why is thiamine given to patients with alcohol dependence admitted to hospital?

1. ATo reduce the craving for alcohol
2. BTo prevent Wernicke's encephalopathy
3. CTo treat the cirrhosis directly
4. DTo prevent bleeding from varices

Which intervention most reduces pressure ulcer risk in an immobile patient?

1. ARegular repositioning and a pressure-redistributing mattress
2. BUsing a doughnut-shaped ring cushion
3. CKeeping the head of the bed raised at 90° all day
4. DMassaging red areas firmly at each turn to bring back the circulation

उच्च जोखिम वाले मरीज़ों में ट्यूमर लाइसिस सिंड्रोम रोकने में कौन-से उपाय मदद करते हैं?

1. Aएलोप्यूरिनॉल या रैस्ब्यूरिकेज़ के साथ IV जलयोजन
2. Bरोज़ कैल्शियम और फ़ॉस्फ़ेट पूरक
3. Cपोटैशियम की गोलियों के साथ द्रव प्रतिबंध
4. Dकीमोथेरेपी के दौरान सभी IV और मौखिक द्रव बंद करना

After forearm fracture surgery, a patient has severe pain not eased by opioids, made worse by passively moving the fingers. What should the nurse do?

1. AApply ice and a tighter bandage to reduce the swelling
2. BRaise the arm as high as possible and give a further dose of opioid
3. CLoosen any tight dressing, keep the arm at heart level and escalate
4. DReassure the patient that this pain is expected

Why is folinic acid (leucovorin) given after high-dose methotrexate?

1. ATo rescue normal cells from methotrexate toxicity
2. BTo increase the anticancer effect on the tumour
3. CTo prevent hair loss during treatment
4. DTo treat the patient's anaemia only