उत्तरों सहित मेड-सर्ज: पाचन, शल्य-पूर्व/पश्चात और कैंसर वर्कशीट

In many adult guidelines, how long before an elective anaesthetic can clear fluids usually be drunk?

1. AUp to 10 minutes before
2. BUp to 2 hours before
3. CUp to 24 hours before
4. DUp to 12 hours before

How should a patient be positioned during enteral tube feeding?

1. ALying on the stomach with the head turned to one side
2. BLying completely flat on the back with one pillow
3. CWith the head of the bed raised to at least 30–45°
4. DWith the head lower than the feet

What is the main purpose of marking the surgical site before an operation?

1. ATo record the patient's allergy status
2. BTo tell the porter which theatre to go to
3. CTo prevent surgery on the wrong side or site
4. DTo show where the skin should be shaved

How is an uncomplicated sigmoid volvulus often first treated?

1. ADecompression with a flexible sigmoidoscope and flatus tube
2. BHigh-dose laxatives taken by mouth
3. CA barium meal given by mouth to untwist the bowel slowly
4. DEating a large high-fibre meal

Why are antiemetics usually given before chemotherapy starts?

1. AThey cannot be given once nausea has started
2. BPreventing nausea works better than treating it later
3. CThey stop the chemotherapy from causing hair loss and mouth sores
4. DAntiemetics make the chemotherapy work better

गंभीर तीव्र पैंक्रियाटाइटिस में कौन-सी इलेक्ट्रोलाइट समस्या हो सकती है?

1. Aहाइपरनैट्रीमिया
2. Bहाइपरकैलीमिया
3. Cहाइपोकैल्सीमिया
4. Dहाइपरकैल्सीमिया

After a high-voltage electrical injury, a patient's urine is dark red-brown. What does this suggest and what is the usual aim?

1. AMyoglobin from muscle damage; a higher urine output target
2. BBleeding from the bladder; stop all fluids
3. CNormal concentrated urine; restrict fluids
4. DA urinary infection; send a sample and wait for the result

तीव्र पैंक्रियाटाइटिस के पहले घंटों में आमतौर पर कौन-सी द्रव रणनीति अनुशंसित है?

1. Aप्रतिक्रिया से निर्देशित, लक्ष्य-निर्देशित संतुलित क्रिस्टलॉइड
2. Bकिसी भी क्रिस्टलॉइड के बजाय केवल IV एल्ब्यूमिन
3. Cबहुत बड़ी मात्रा, मरीज़ की प्रतिक्रिया चाहे जो हो
4. Dबिल्कुल IV द्रव नहीं, केवल मुँह से पानी की छोटी चुस्कियाँ