उत्तरों सहित मेड-सर्ज: तंत्रिका, अंतःस्रावी और गुर्दा वर्कशीट

Which cranial nerve makes the pupil constrict in response to light?

1. AOculomotor nerve (III)
2. BAbducens nerve (VI)
3. CTrochlear nerve (IV)
4. DOptic nerve (II) alone

What is the most common cause of dementia?

1. AAlzheimer's disease
2. BParkinson's disease
3. CHuntington's disease
4. DMultiple sclerosis

In countries with enough iodine in the diet, what is the most common cause of hypothyroidism?

1. AA pituitary tumour pressing on the gland
2. BThyroid cancer
3. CToo much iodine in salt
4. DAutoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto's)

Why might a patient taking a beta-blocker not notice a hypoglycaemic episode?

1. ABeta-blockers raise blood glucose, so hypos cannot happen
2. BBeta-blockers make the patient sleep through every hypo
3. CBeta-blockers can mask the tremor and racing heart of a hypo
4. DBeta-blockers block the effect of all diabetes medicines

Which CSF result is most typical of bacterial meningitis?

1. AClear fluid with normal cells, glucose and protein
2. BCloudy fluid, many neutrophils, low glucose and high protein
3. CBlood-stained fluid that clears in later tubes
4. DClear fluid, many lymphocytes, normal glucose and slightly raised protein

A patient is starting lamotrigine. Which teaching point is most important?

1. ATake it with a glass of grapefruit juice to improve its absorption
2. BReport any skin rash promptly, especially in the first weeks
3. CDouble the dose if a seizure happens
4. DExpect an orange tint to tears and urine

गंभीर सिर की चोट वाला मरीज़ आँखें नहीं खोलता, और दर्द के जवाब में बाँहें फैलकर भीतर की ओर घूमती हैं तथा पैर फैले होते हैं। यह क्या दर्शाता है?

1. Aएक्सटेंसर (डिसेरिब्रेट) मुद्रा: गंभीर ब्रेनस्टेम चोट
2. Bस्थानीय दौरा जो बिना उपचार रुक जाएगा
3. Cफ़्लेक्सर (डीकॉर्टिकेट) मुद्रा, हल्की कॉर्टिकल चोट का संकेत
4. Dदर्दनाक उद्दीपन के प्रति सामान्य पीछे हटने की प्रतिक्रिया

A patient with trigeminal neuralgia has lost weight and has poor oral hygiene. Which plan is most appropriate?

1. AOffer soft, lukewarm food and advise chewing on the unaffected side
2. BTell the patient to stop brushing their teeth completely
3. CEncourage hard, crunchy foods to strengthen the jaw muscles
4. DAdvise very hot drinks to relax the facial nerves