उत्तरों सहित मेड-सर्ज: तंत्रिका, अंतःस्रावी और गुर्दा वर्कशीट

तीव्र गुर्दा क्षति का सामान्य प्री-रीनल कारण कौन-सा है?

1. Aदोनों मूत्रवाहिनियों को अवरुद्ध करती गुर्दे की पथरी
2. Bनिर्जलीकरण या निम्न रक्तचाप
3. Cजेंटामाइसिन से नलिकाओं को क्षति
4. Dबढ़ी हुई प्रोस्टेट जो निकासी रोकती है

Which statement about metformin is correct?

1. AIt is given by injection into the abdomen once a week
2. BUsed on its own, it rarely causes hypoglycaemia
3. CIt works by making the pancreas release a lot more insulin
4. DIt is the usual first treatment for type 1 diabetes in adults

What is exophthalmos?

1. AYellowing of the eyes
2. BLoss of the outer eyebrows
3. CDrooping of one eyelid
4. DBulging of the eyes

डैपाग्लिफ़्लोज़िन (SGLT2 इनहिबिटर) लेने वाले मरीज़ को उल्टी हो रही है, रक्त कीटोन 4.5 mmol/L हैं पर ग्लूकोज़ केवल 11 mmol/L है। किस पर संदेह होना चाहिए?

1. Aहाइपरऑस्मोलर हाइपरग्लाइसेमिक स्टेट
2. Bसामान्य दुष्प्रभाव जिसमें किसी कार्रवाई की आवश्यकता नहीं
3. Cउल्टी के कारण हाइपोग्लाइसीमिया
4. Dयूग्लाइसेमिक डायबेटिक कीटोएसिडोसिस

Why might a patient bleed more from the needle sites straight after haemodialysis?

1. AHeparin is often used to stop the circuit from clotting
2. BThe fistula has been damaged and must be tied off
3. CDialysis removes all the platelets from the blood
4. DDialysis raises the blood pressure sharply for several hours

Which group of problems is typical of primary hyperparathyroidism?

1. AHeat intolerance, tremor, weight loss and diarrhoea
2. BMuscle cramps, tingling lips and seizures
3. CHair loss, weight gain and feeling cold
4. DKidney stones, bone pain, abdominal pain and low mood

A patient with motor neurone disease reports morning headaches, poor sleep and sleepiness during the day. What do these symptoms suggest?

1. ANormal tiredness that needs no specific action
2. BWeak breathing at night, so a review for ventilation support
3. CA side effect of riluzole, which should be stopped straight away by the nurse
4. DLow mood, which should be treated with an antidepressant first

A nurse teaches a patient with CKD and a high potassium about diet. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I will boil my potatoes and throw away the water."
2. B"I will use a salt substitute instead of ordinary salt."
3. C"I will keep bananas and dried fruit to a minimum."
4. D"I will check food labels for added salt when I go shopping."