उत्तरों सहित मेड-सर्ज: तंत्रिका, अंतःस्रावी और गुर्दा वर्कशीट

Which serum sodium result shows hyponatraemia in an adult?

1. A147 mmol/L
2. B138 mmol/L
3. C129 mmol/L
4. D142 mmol/L

तीव्र गुर्दा क्षति का सामान्य प्री-रीनल कारण कौन-सा है?

1. Aबढ़ी हुई प्रोस्टेट जो निकासी रोकती है
2. Bजेंटामाइसिन से नलिकाओं को क्षति
3. Cनिर्जलीकरण या निम्न रक्तचाप
4. Dदोनों मूत्रवाहिनियों को अवरुद्ध करती गुर्दे की पथरी

Why do patients with chronic kidney disease often develop bone disease?

1. AThe kidneys cannot activate vitamin D or clear phosphate
2. BThe kidneys release too much calcium into the bones
3. CPatients usually drink too much milk
4. DThe bones are attacked by antibodies made in the kidneys

A patient has Cushing's syndrome. Which nursing assessment is especially important?

1. ARegular blood glucose checks
2. BMonitoring for a high potassium
3. CChecking for low blood pressure
4. DWatching for weight loss

A patient uses a continuous glucose monitor. Which statement is correct?

1. AIt reads glucose in fluid under the skin, a little behind blood glucose
2. BIt works by giving small doses of insulin automatically
3. CIt measures glucose directly in the blood every second of the day
4. DIt makes finger-prick checks unnecessary in every situation

Which side effects are common with oxybutynin for an overactive bladder?

1. AWeight loss and a fast tremor
2. BDry mouth and constipation
3. CDiarrhoea and heavy sweating
4. DA cough and a raised potassium

Weeks after starting insulin, a patient with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes needs much less insulin and has frequent mild hypos. What is the most likely explanation?

1. AThe insulin has gone off and should be replaced
2. BA honeymoon phase, but insulin is still needed
3. CThe patient actually has type 2 diabetes
4. DThe diabetes has been cured, so insulin can stop

Three days after a stroke, a patient with dysphagia on a modified diet has a temperature of 38.2 °C (100.8 °F), a respiratory rate of 24/min and crackles at the right lung base. What should the nurse do?

1. ARecord the findings and recheck them at the next routine observation
2. BGive paracetamol (acetaminophen) and continue the modified diet as before
3. CSuspect aspiration pneumonia, stop oral intake and escalate for review
4. DEncourage more fluids by mouth to treat the fever