उत्तरों सहित मेड-सर्ज: तंत्रिका, अंतःस्रावी और गुर्दा वर्कशीट

Which hourly urine output is usually taken as the minimum acceptable for an adult?

1. AAbout 0.5 mL/kg per hour
2. BAbout 0.05 mL/kg per hour
3. CAbout 10 mL/kg per hour
4. DAbout 5 mL/kg per hour

Which eGFR defines stage 5 chronic kidney disease (kidney failure)?

1. ABelow 90 mL/min/1.73 m²
2. BBelow 15 mL/min/1.73 m²
3. CBelow 120 mL/min/1.73 m²
4. DBelow 60 mL/min/1.73 m²

Which symptom is the classic warning sign of bladder cancer?

1. ALeaking urine when coughing
2. BPainless visible blood in the urine
3. CSevere loin pain that comes in waves
4. DBurning pain on passing urine

Why is IV calcium gluconate given in severe hyperkalaemia?

1. AIt moves potassium into the cells
2. BIt removes potassium through the kidneys
3. CIt binds potassium in the gut
4. DIt protects the heart from arrhythmias

A urine dipstick is positive for nitrites. What does this suggest?

1. AThe kidneys are losing too much protein
2. BThe patient is dehydrated and needs more fluid
3. CThe urine has a lot of glucose in it
4. DBacteria that convert nitrate are present

Why is all urine strained in a patient with suspected kidney stones?

1. ATo measure the urine volume more accurately
2. BTo stop the stone from blocking the toilet
3. CTo remove blood clots before testing
4. DTo catch the stone so it can be analysed

A nurse teaches a wheelchair user with a spinal cord injury about skin care. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I will shift my weight in the chair regularly."
2. B"I only need to check my skin when something hurts."
3. C"I will use a mirror to check my bottom and heels every day."
4. D"I will keep my skin clean and dry."

A patient with untreated end-stage kidney disease has chest pain that is worse lying flat and better sitting forward. A rub is heard over the heart. What is most likely?

1. AA rib fracture from coughing
2. BA stable angina attack, which needs only a nitrate spray and rest
3. CIndigestion from phosphate binders
4. DUraemic pericarditis, which usually needs urgent dialysis