उत्तरों सहित मेड-सर्ज: तंत्रिका, अंतःस्रावी और गुर्दा वर्कशीट

मधुमेह वाले व्यक्ति में हाइपोग्लाइसीमिया को परिभाषित करने के लिए आमतौर पर कौन-सा रक्त ग्लूकोज़ स्तर उपयोग किया जाता है?

1. A4.0 mmol/L से कम (लगभग 70 mg/dL)
2. B1.0 mmol/L से कम (लगभग 18 mg/dL)
3. C10 mmol/L से कम (लगभग 180 mg/dL)
4. D7.0 mmol/L से कम (लगभग 126 mg/dL)

Which eGFR defines stage 5 chronic kidney disease (kidney failure)?

1. ABelow 90 mL/min/1.73 m²
2. BBelow 120 mL/min/1.73 m²
3. CBelow 60 mL/min/1.73 m²
4. DBelow 15 mL/min/1.73 m²

What does aldosterone do?

1. AMakes the kidneys keep sodium and lose potassium
2. BRaises the blood glucose between meals
3. CLowers the blood calcium after meals
4. DMakes the kidneys lose sodium and keep potassium

After pressing the plunger of an insulin pen, what should the patient do?

1. AInject a second dose straight away to be sure
2. BPull the needle out at once and rub the site firmly
3. CKeep the needle in the skin for about 10 seconds
4. DLeave the needle on the pen for the next injection

एक दौरा पाँच मिनट से चल रहा है और जारी है। सामान्य प्रथम-पंक्ति दवा उपचार क्या है?

1. Aकिसी भी अन्य उपचार से पहले फ़ेनिटॉइन की IV लोडिंग खुराक
2. Bहर मरीज़ में IV ग्लूकोज़ 50%, फिर पुनः आकलन
3. Cबेंज़ोडायज़ेपीन, जैसे IV लोराज़ेपाम या बक्कल मिडाज़ोलम
4. Dबाहरी जाँघ में IM एड्रेनालिन

A patient on ciclosporin or tacrolimus asks about grapefruit juice. Which advice is correct?

1. ADrink it with each dose to improve the absorption
2. BIt has no effect on these drugs
3. CDrink it daily to protect the kidney
4. DAvoid it, because it can raise the drug levels

Weeks after starting insulin, a patient with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes needs much less insulin and has frequent mild hypos. What is the most likely explanation?

1. AThe patient actually has type 2 diabetes
2. BA honeymoon phase, but insulin is still needed
3. CThe insulin has gone off and should be replaced
4. DThe diabetes has been cured, so insulin can stop

A patient in thyroid storm has a temperature of 40 °C (104 °F). Which measure for the fever is usually avoided?

1. ACooling blankets
2. BParacetamol (acetaminophen)
3. CAspirin
4. DFanning with cool air