उत्तरों सहित मेड-सर्ज: तंत्रिका, अंतःस्रावी और गुर्दा वर्कशीट

डायबिटीज़ इन्सिपिडस के लिए कौन-सा निष्कर्ष विशिष्ट है?

1. Aकम सीरम सोडियम के साथ द्रव का रुकाव
2. Bकम मात्रा में बहुत सांद्र मूत्र
3. Cबड़ी मात्रा में तनु मूत्र और बहुत प्यास
4. Dउच्च रक्त ग्लूकोज़ और मूत्र में बहुत ग्लूकोज़

Which statement about metformin is correct?

1. AIt is given by injection into the abdomen once a week
2. BUsed on its own, it rarely causes hypoglycaemia
3. CIt works by making the pancreas release a lot more insulin
4. DIt is the usual first treatment for type 1 diabetes in adults

Tapping the cheek in front of the ear makes the facial muscles twitch. What is this sign called?

1. AChvostek's sign
2. BTrousseau's sign
3. CKernig's sign
4. DBattle's sign

Why might a patient taking a beta-blocker not notice a hypoglycaemic episode?

1. ABeta-blockers make the patient sleep through every hypo
2. BBeta-blockers block the effect of all diabetes medicines
3. CBeta-blockers can mask the tremor and racing heart of a hypo
4. DBeta-blockers raise blood glucose, so hypos cannot happen

सिर की चोट के बाद मरीज़ की नाक से साफ़ द्रव टपक रहा है। मुख्य चिंता क्या है?

1. ACT कॉन्ट्रास्ट से एलर्जी प्रतिक्रिया
2. Bरोने के बाद बनने वाला सामान्य बलगम
3. Cखोपड़ी के फ्रैक्चर से CSF का रिसाव
4. Dसाधारण ज़ुकाम या हे-फ़ीवर का दौरा

A patient with Alzheimer's disease starts donepezil. Which side effects should the nurse look for?

1. AA persistent dry cough and a raised potassium
2. BWeight gain, high glucose and swollen ankles
3. CNausea, diarrhoea and a slow heart rate
4. DDry mouth, constipation and a fast heart rate

A man who takes tamsulosin for BPH is listed for cataract surgery. Which statement is correct?

1. AThe dose should be doubled before surgery to prevent urinary retention
2. BIt should be swapped for oxybutynin the night before to protect the eye
3. CThe eye surgeon must be told, as it can cause floppy iris during surgery
4. DTamsulosin has no effects outside the urinary tract, so nothing changes

A patient with SIADH needs IV fluid. Which fluid is most likely to worsen the hyponatraemia?

1. A20% human albumin
2. B5% glucose (dextrose, D5W)
3. C3% saline
4. D8.4% sodium bicarbonate