उत्तरों सहित मेड-सर्ज: तंत्रिका, अंतःस्रावी और गुर्दा वर्कशीट

Which isolation precautions are used for a patient with suspected meningococcal meningitis?

1. AContact precautions only, with gloves for skin contact
2. BAirborne precautions in a negative pressure room for 2 weeks
3. CDroplet precautions until about 24 hours of effective antibiotics
4. DNo extra precautions, because it is not infectious

What is automated peritoneal dialysis?

1. AA single exchange done once a week
2. BExchanges done overnight by a machine
3. CDialysis that needs no fluid at all
4. DDialysis in hospital through an arm fistula

What is the most common cause of dementia?

1. AHuntington's disease
2. BParkinson's disease
3. CAlzheimer's disease
4. DMultiple sclerosis

Why may a person with long-standing diabetes have a heart attack without typical chest pain?

1. AHigh glucose protects the heart from pain
2. BNerve damage can blunt the pain signals
3. CPeople with diabetes do not have heart attacks
4. DInsulin acts as a strong painkiller

Why might a patient bleed more from the needle sites straight after haemodialysis?

1. ADialysis removes all the platelets from the blood
2. BThe fistula has been damaged and must be tied off
3. CHeparin is often used to stop the circuit from clotting
4. DDialysis raises the blood pressure sharply for several hours

Why is IV calcium gluconate given in severe hyperkalaemia?

1. AIt binds potassium in the gut
2. BIt protects the heart from arrhythmias
3. CIt moves potassium into the cells
4. DIt removes potassium through the kidneys

A patient with renal colic has normal kidney function and no other contraindications. Which drug is usually the first choice for pain?

1. AA benzodiazepine such as diazepam
2. BAn oral antihistamine such as cetirizine
3. CAn NSAID such as diclofenac
4. DOral paracetamol (acetaminophen) alone

A patient with CKD has a potassium of 6.5 mmol/L. Which medicine combination is the most likely contributor?

1. AAmlodipine, simvastatin and aspirin
2. BRamipril, spironolactone and trimethoprim
3. CFurosemide, salbutamol and insulin
4. DParacetamol (acetaminophen), omeprazole and senna