उत्तरों सहित मेड-सर्ज: तंत्रिका, अंतःस्रावी और गुर्दा वर्कशीट

Which serum sodium result shows hyponatraemia in an adult?

1. A147 mmol/L
2. B129 mmol/L
3. C138 mmol/L
4. D142 mmol/L

Which nerve cells are damaged in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (motor neurone disease)?

1. AThe optic nerves and retina
2. BSensory nerves in the skin only
3. CThe nerves of the autonomic system only
4. DUpper and lower motor neurons

Which head injury is classically linked to a lucid interval after a blow to the side of the head?

1. ADiffuse axonal injury
2. BExtradural haematoma
3. CChronic subdural haematoma
4. DConcussion

What does a positive pronator drift test show?

1. ALoss of hearing on one side
2. BWeakness of the eye muscles
3. CA normal response in older adults
4. DSubtle weakness in one arm

A stroke patient speaks fluently, but the words make little sense, and they do not follow simple instructions. Which type of aphasia is this?

1. AGlobal aphasia with no speech at all
2. BDysarthria from facial weakness
3. CExpressive (Broca's) aphasia
4. DReceptive (Wernicke's) aphasia

Why is once-daily prednisolone usually taken in the morning with food?

1. ABecause it causes drowsiness and is safer to take during the day
2. BBecause food doubles the strength of the dose
3. CTo match the natural cortisol rhythm and protect the stomach
4. DBecause it cannot be absorbed at night

A patient with Guillain–Barré syndrome has a blood pressure that swings between 80/50 and 190/100 mmHg and a heart rate that changes suddenly. What does this suggest?

1. AA drug reaction that means all medicines must stop
2. BAnxiety that will settle with reassurance alone
3. CAutonomic dysfunction, which needs continuous cardiac monitoring
4. DA faulty blood pressure cuff that should be replaced and the readings ignored

A 74-year-old falls forward and hits their chin. Their arms are much weaker than their legs, and they have burning pain in the hands. Which injury is most likely?

1. AA complete lumbar cord injury
2. BCentral cord syndrome
3. CBrown-Séquard syndrome
4. DCauda equina syndrome