उत्तरों सहित मेड-सर्ज: तंत्रिका, अंतःस्रावी और गुर्दा वर्कशीट

इंसुलिन एस्पार्ट या लिस्प्रो जैसा तेज़-असरकारी इंसुलिन आमतौर पर कब दिया जाना चाहिए?

1. Aभोजन से ठीक पहले या भोजन के साथ
2. Bभोजन के लगभग दो घंटे बाद
3. Cसोते समय, बिना कुछ खाए
4. Dदिन में एक बार, भोजन चाहे जो हो

How is the headache of a subarachnoid haemorrhage typically described?

1. ASlowly worsening over several weeks, worst in the morning
2. BOne-sided and throbbing, with an aura beforehand
3. CA tight band around the head that comes and goes
4. DSudden and severe, reaching its peak within about a minute

Which common painkiller can harm the kidneys, especially in dehydration?

1. AParacetamol (acetaminophen)
2. BCodeine
3. CIbuprofen
4. DMorphine

A patient taking sodium valproate becomes tired and is vomiting, and the nurse notices yellowing of the eyes. What is the main concern?

1. ALiver toxicity from valproate
2. BDehydration from drinking too little
3. CA sign that the dose is too low
4. DA normal adjustment reaction to the drug

Which nursing action helps most to prevent and manage delirium in an older inpatient?

1. AKeep the lights on all night so the patient can see clearly
2. BUse glasses and hearing aids and reorient the patient often
3. CMove the patient to a different room each day for variety
4. DRestrain the patient so that they do not wander off the ward

ग्लिक्लाज़ाइड (सल्फोनिलयूरिया) लेने वाले मरीज़ को हाइपोग्लाइसीमिया के साथ भर्ती किया गया है। लंबी निगरानी क्यों आवश्यक है?

1. Aदवा कई घंटे असर करती है, इसलिए कम ग्लूकोज़ लौट सकता है
2. Bदवा कई घंटे की देरी के बाद ग्लूकोज़ बढ़ाती है
3. Cसल्फोनिलयूरिया अपने आप हाइपोग्लाइसीमिया नहीं कर सकते
4. Dदवा केवल रात में असर करती है, इसलिए सुबह की जाँच उपयोगी नहीं

A patient on carbamazepine is admitted confused, with a sodium of 121 mmol/L. Which explanation is most likely?

1. AThe low sodium proves the patient has stopped taking the drug
2. BCarbamazepine causes salt loss through severe diarrhoea
3. CCarbamazepine can cause hyponatraemia through an SIADH-like effect
4. DConfusion is a normal, expected effect of carbamazepine and is unrelated to sodium

A nurse teaches a patient with CKD and a high potassium about diet. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I will boil my potatoes and throw away the water."
2. B"I will use a salt substitute instead of ordinary salt."
3. C"I will check food labels for added salt when I go shopping."
4. D"I will keep bananas and dried fruit to a minimum."