उत्तरों सहित मेड-सर्ज: तंत्रिका, अंतःस्रावी और गुर्दा वर्कशीट

What does aldosterone do?

1. ALowers the blood calcium after meals
2. BRaises the blood glucose between meals
3. CMakes the kidneys lose sodium and keep potassium
4. DMakes the kidneys keep sodium and lose potassium

Which serum sodium result shows hyponatraemia in an adult?

1. A147 mmol/L
2. B142 mmol/L
3. C129 mmol/L
4. D138 mmol/L

What is an early sign of kidney damage from diabetes?

1. ABlood in the urine that is visible
2. BA very low blood urea level
3. CSmall amounts of albumin in the urine
4. DPain felt in both kidneys at night

A patient with a suspected basal skull fracture needs a gastric tube. Which route is preferred?

1. AThrough the mouth (orogastric)
2. BThrough the nose with a guidewire
3. CThrough the nose (nasogastric)
4. DThrough a fine-bore nasal tube

A kidney transplant recipient asks about travel vaccines. Which statement is correct?

1. ALive vaccines are usually avoided
2. BOnly live vaccines are effective after a transplant
3. CVaccines will cause the kidney to be rejected
4. DAll vaccines are completely safe after a transplant

A patient with a spinal cord injury can still feel a light touch around the anus. What does this show?

1. AThe patient has an injury of the brain, not the cord
2. BThe injury is incomplete, which suggests a better chance of recovery
3. CThe injury is complete, and recovery is not possible
4. DThe sensation is only a spinal reflex and has no real meaning for recovery

A patient on insulin has worsening chronic kidney disease and is having more hypos. What is the best explanation?

1. AKidney disease makes the meter read too low
2. BThe kidneys clear less insulin, so it lasts longer
3. CThe patient is eating far more carbohydrate than before
4. DKidney disease makes the body resistant to insulin

A patient with a brain tumour on high-dose dexamethasone has a capillary glucose of 16 mmol/L (288 mg/dL). They have no history of diabetes. What is the best explanation?

1. ANormal for this patient, so no action is needed
2. BA lab error, because steroids lower blood glucose
3. CA sign that the brain tumour has now spread to the pancreas
4. DSteroid-induced hyperglycaemia, which needs monitoring and treatment