उत्तरों सहित मेड-सर्ज: तंत्रिका, अंतःस्रावी और गुर्दा वर्कशीट

Which substance do the kidneys release that helps raise blood pressure?

1. ABile
2. BRenin
3. CInsulin
4. DThyroxine

हीमोडायलिसिस फ़िस्टुला वाली बाँह पर किस कार्य से बचना चाहिए?

1. Aथ्रिल के लिए फ़िस्टुला पर हल्के से हाथ फेरना
2. Bबाँह को सामान्य तरीके से हिलाना
3. Cउसे साबुन और पानी से धोना
4. Dरक्तचाप कफ़ या रक्त के नमूने

Which serum sodium result shows hyponatraemia in an adult?

1. A147 mmol/L
2. B129 mmol/L
3. C142 mmol/L
4. D138 mmol/L

A stroke patient with dysphagia has been started on a modified diet. Which action best reduces the risk of aspiration?

1. AFeed quickly so the patient does not tire during the meal
2. BSit the patient fully upright for meals and for a while afterwards
3. CLay the patient flat straight after meals so they can rest and digest
4. DGive fluids through a straw so they flow more slowly

Why can a patient with an insulin pump develop DKA within hours if the pump stops working?

1. AThe pump gives long-acting insulin, which builds up and stops working all at once
2. BThe body becomes allergic to insulin when the pump stops
3. CThe battery in the pump releases chemicals into the blood
4. DThe pump gives only rapid-acting insulin, so there is no long-acting reserve

A patient with gout has recurrent uric acid kidney stones. Which treatment helps prevent them?

1. AAllopurinol and making the urine less acidic
2. BVitamin C supplements and a high-meat diet
3. CCalcium tablets and a low-fluid diet
4. DRestricting fluids in the evening only

A patient with an insulin pump is admitted with nausea, a glucose of 19 mmol/L (342 mg/dL) and blood ketones of 3.1 mmol/L. What is the priority?

1. ADisconnect the pump and give no insulin until the ketones clear
2. BGive an antiemetic only, because nausea is causing the high glucose
3. CIncrease the pump rate and recheck the ketones in 12 hours
4. DSuspect failed insulin delivery and give insulin by another route

A patient has had a high sodium of 160 mmol/L for several days. Why must it be corrected slowly?

1. ARapid correction raises the blood glucose
2. BRapid correction can cause brain swelling
3. CRapid correction causes kidney stones
4. DThe sodium will rise again if corrected quickly