उत्तरों सहित मेड-सर्ज: तंत्रिका, अंतःस्रावी और गुर्दा वर्कशीट

Why do patients with chronic kidney disease often develop bone disease?

1. APatients usually drink too much milk
2. BThe kidneys release too much calcium into the bones
3. CThe bones are attacked by antibodies made in the kidneys
4. DThe kidneys cannot activate vitamin D or clear phosphate

How do sulfonylureas such as gliclazide lower blood glucose?

1. AThey make the kidneys pass more glucose
2. BThey replace insulin that the body lacks
3. CThey make the pancreas release more insulin
4. DThey slow down the absorption of food

हीमोडायलिसिस फ़िस्टुला वाली बाँह पर किस कार्य से बचना चाहिए?

1. Aउसे साबुन और पानी से धोना
2. Bबाँह को सामान्य तरीके से हिलाना
3. Cरक्तचाप कफ़ या रक्त के नमूने
4. Dथ्रिल के लिए फ़िस्टुला पर हल्के से हाथ फेरना

A patient's potassium stays low despite replacement. Which other level should be checked?

1. AFerritin
2. BBilirubin
3. CMagnesium
4. DAmylase

A patient with gout has recurrent uric acid kidney stones. Which treatment helps prevent them?

1. ACalcium tablets and a low-fluid diet
2. BVitamin C supplements and a high-meat diet
3. CRestricting fluids in the evening only
4. DAllopurinol and making the urine less acidic

Which picture fits anterior cord syndrome?

1. ANormal movement but complete loss of position sense
2. BLoss of movement and pain sense, with position sense kept
3. CArms much weaker than legs after a neck injury
4. DWeakness on one side and loss of pain sensation on the other side

A patient with CKD has a potassium of 6.5 mmol/L. Which medicine combination is the most likely contributor?

1. AParacetamol (acetaminophen), omeprazole and senna
2. BRamipril, spironolactone and trimethoprim
3. CFurosemide, salbutamol and insulin
4. DAmlodipine, simvastatin and aspirin

A patient with diabetic neuropathy has a hot, red, swollen foot that is barely painful. The skin is intact, and there is no fever. What should the nurse suspect?

1. AGout, which only needs pain relief
2. BAn acute Charcot foot, needing urgent offloading
3. CA sprained ankle that will settle with walking
4. DNormal swelling from standing too long