उत्तरों सहित मेड-सर्ज: तंत्रिका, अंतःस्रावी और गुर्दा वर्कशीट

How do sulfonylureas such as gliclazide lower blood glucose?

1. AThey make the kidneys pass more glucose
2. BThey make the pancreas release more insulin
3. CThey slow down the absorption of food
4. DThey replace insulin that the body lacks

What does the term epilepsy mean?

1. AAny brief loss of consciousness, such as fainting
2. BA seizure caused only by low blood sugar
3. CA single seizure caused by a high fever
4. DA tendency to have recurrent seizures that are not provoked

Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis typically follows which event?

1. AA kidney stone passed the week before
2. BA long course of antibiotics for pneumonia
3. CA throat or skin infection a few weeks earlier
4. DAn episode of bloody diarrhoea from food poisoning

एक मरीज़ को नियंत्रित करने में कठिन उच्च रक्तचाप है और डाइयूरेटिक न लेने पर भी लगातार कम पोटैशियम है। किस स्थिति पर विचार किया जाना चाहिए?

1. Aप्राथमिक हाइपरएल्डोस्टेरोनिज़्म (कॉन)
2. Bक्रेनियल डायबिटीज़ इन्सिपिडस
3. Cप्राथमिक अधिवृक्क अपर्याप्तता (एडिसन)
4. Dप्राथमिक हाइपोथायरॉइडिज़्म

A patient is starting nitrofurantoin for a UTI. Which teaching point is correct?

1. AIt turns the tears and sweat bright orange
2. BIt must be taken only once a week
3. CIt may turn the urine dark yellow or brown
4. DIt should be taken on an empty stomach with milk

तीव्र गुर्दा क्षति (KDIGO) का कौन-सा मानदंड मूत्र उत्पादन से संबंधित है?

1. A1 घंटे के लिए 2 mL/kg/h से कम
2. Bसेवन चाहे जो हो, 24 घंटे में 1 L से कम
3. C6 घंटे या अधिक के लिए 0.5 mL/kg/h से कम
4. Dमूत्र के रंग में कोई भी बदलाव

Four patients had a minor head injury with no loss of consciousness and a GCS of 15. Which one most needs a CT scan of the head?

1. AA 78-year-old who takes warfarin for atrial fibrillation
2. BA 25-year-old with a small scalp graze after a fall
3. CA 30-year-old who bumped their head on a cupboard door
4. DA 40-year-old with a mild headache that is improving

A patient has erratic glucose readings. The nurse finds a soft, rubbery lump where they always inject. What is the most important teaching?

1. AKeep injecting into the lump, because it hurts less there
2. BUse healthy sites and check glucose often, as less insulin may be needed
3. CDouble the insulin dose because the lump blocks the insulin
4. DMassage the lump firmly after every injection