उत्तरों सहित मेड-सर्ज: तंत्रिका, अंतःस्रावी और गुर्दा वर्कशीट

तीव्र गुर्दा क्षति का सामान्य प्री-रीनल कारण कौन-सा है?

1. Aनिर्जलीकरण या निम्न रक्तचाप
2. Bबढ़ी हुई प्रोस्टेट जो निकासी रोकती है
3. Cजेंटामाइसिन से नलिकाओं को क्षति
4. Dदोनों मूत्रवाहिनियों को अवरुद्ध करती गुर्दे की पथरी

बढ़े हुए इंट्राक्रेनियल दाब का सबसे शुरुआती और संवेदनशील संकेत क्या है?

1. Aदोनों ओर स्थिर, फैली हुई पुतलियाँ
2. Bचेतना के स्तर में बदलाव
3. Cउच्च रक्तचाप के साथ ब्रैडीकार्डिया
4. Dलंबे विरामों के साथ अनियमित साँस

Which side effect is common when starting a GLP-1 receptor agonist such as semaglutide?

1. AHair growth
2. BA dry cough
3. CWeight gain
4. DNausea

A patient's fistula starts to bleed at home after the needles were removed. What should they do first?

1. APress firmly on the site with clean gauze
2. BApply a tight tourniquet above the fistula
3. CRaise the arm and let it bleed freely
4. DWait for the next dialysis session

A patient taking sodium valproate becomes tired and is vomiting, and the nurse notices yellowing of the eyes. What is the main concern?

1. ALiver toxicity from valproate
2. BA sign that the dose is too low
3. CA normal adjustment reaction to the drug
4. DDehydration from drinking too little

How does bladder training help urge incontinence?

1. AThe time between voids is slowly increased
2. BThe patient drinks as little as possible
3. CThe patient goes to the toilet every 15 minutes
4. DA catheter is used every night

A patient with nephrotic syndrome suddenly has loin pain, blood in the urine and a rise in creatinine. What is a likely cause?

1. AToo much dietary protein
2. BNormal fluctuation in the disease
3. CA simple bladder infection
4. DRenal vein thrombosis

A patient with hypopituitarism needs both hydrocortisone and levothyroxine. Which is usually started first?

1. ABoth on the same day, in any order
2. BNeither, until symptoms appear
3. CLevothyroxine
4. DHydrocortisone