उत्तरों सहित मेड-सर्ज: तंत्रिका, अंतःस्रावी और गुर्दा वर्कशीट

Which statement about Huntington's disease is correct?

1. AIt mainly affects children under the age of five years
2. BIt is caused by a bacterial infection of the brain
3. CIt is cured by levodopa
4. DIt is inherited and causes involuntary jerky movements

Which HbA1c result is commonly used as the threshold for diagnosing diabetes?

1. A30 mmol/mol (4.9%) or higher
2. B38 mmol/mol (5.6%) or higher
3. C48 mmol/mol (6.5%) or higher
4. D75 mmol/mol (9.0%) or higher

How is the headache of a subarachnoid haemorrhage typically described?

1. ASudden and severe, reaching its peak within about a minute
2. BOne-sided and throbbing, with an aura beforehand
3. CA tight band around the head that comes and goes
4. DSlowly worsening over several weeks, worst in the morning

A patient on peritoneal dialysis has gained weight and has higher glucose levels. Which part of the treatment is the likely cause?

1. AProtein lost into the dialysis fluid
2. BSodium lost into the dialysis fluid
3. CGlucose absorbed from the dialysis fluid
4. DAir entering the abdomen during exchanges

For which patient would the nurse question an order for pioglitazone?

1. AA patient with asthma
2. BA patient with heart failure
3. CA patient with an allergy to latex
4. DA patient with hypothyroidism

Why can a patient with an insulin pump develop DKA within hours if the pump stops working?

1. AThe pump gives long-acting insulin, which builds up and stops working all at once
2. BThe pump gives only rapid-acting insulin, so there is no long-acting reserve
3. CThe body becomes allergic to insulin when the pump stops
4. DThe battery in the pump releases chemicals into the blood

A nurse teaches the family of a patient on insulin how to manage a severe hypo. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"When she can swallow, I will give her a snack."
2. B"I will put her on her side and call an ambulance straight away."
3. C"I will give the glucagon as I was shown."
4. D"If she is unconscious, I will pour juice into her mouth."

A patient with trigeminal neuralgia has lost weight and has poor oral hygiene. Which plan is most appropriate?

1. AEncourage hard, crunchy foods to strengthen the jaw muscles
2. BTell the patient to stop brushing their teeth completely
3. COffer soft, lukewarm food and advise chewing on the unaffected side
4. DAdvise very hot drinks to relax the facial nerves