उत्तरों सहित औषध विज्ञान वर्कशीट

Why is carbidopa combined with levodopa?

1. AIt increases the breakdown of dopamine in the liver
2. BIt converts levodopa into dopamine inside the gut
3. CIt blocks dopamine receptors to reduce nausea in the brain
4. DIt stops levodopa turning into dopamine outside the brain

How do local anaesthetics such as lidocaine block pain?

1. AThey block voltage-gated sodium channels in nerve membranes
2. BThey activate opioid receptors in the spinal cord
3. CThey enhance the action of GABA in the brain and spinal cord
4. DThey block prostaglandin synthesis at the injury site

ऑनडेनसेट्रॉन का मुख्य उपयोग किसके उपचार में होता है?

1. Aबैक्टीरियल संक्रमण
2. Bउच्च रक्तचाप
3. Cकब्ज़
4. Dमतली और उल्टी

After several years of levodopa treatment, which problem is common?

1. ASevere hypoglycaemia after each dose
2. BPermanent hearing loss
3. CDyskinesias and "on–off" fluctuations in response
4. DComplete and permanent loss of all Parkinson's symptoms

A patient with a peanut allergy is taught to use an adrenaline auto-injector. Which statement is correct?

1. AThere is no need to see a doctor if the swelling goes down
2. BUse it only if the antihistamine has not worked after an hour
3. CCall emergency services after using it, even if symptoms improve
4. DKeep it at home so it is not lost

A patient starting niacin (nicotinic acid) complains of flushing and warmth after doses. Which advice may reduce this?

1. ADouble the dose to build tolerance faster
2. BTake aspirin 30 minutes before the niacin, if the prescriber agrees
3. CTake the niacin with a hot drink so that it dissolves and acts faster
4. DTake it on an empty stomach in a hot bath

During an IV glyceryl trinitrate (nitroglycerin) infusion for chest pain, the patient's blood pressure drops to 82/50 mmHg and he feels faint. What is the nurse's first action?

1. AStop or reduce the infusion as per protocol, lay the patient flat and notify the prescriber
2. BGive a sublingual nitroglycerin tablet and increase the rate to relieve the remaining chest pain
3. CSit the patient fully upright and give paracetamol for the headache
4. DIncrease the infusion rate to improve blood flow to the heart

A 19-year-old woman is starting isotretinoin for severe acne. Which requirement is most important?

1. ATaking the drug only at weekends
2. BA high-vitamin A diet to boost the effect
3. CWeekly hearing tests and monthly eye examinations during treatment
4. DReliable contraception and pregnancy tests, as it is highly teratogenic