उत्तरों सहित औषध विज्ञान वर्कशीट

Why is adrenaline (epinephrine) sometimes added to a local anaesthetic injection?

1. AIt constricts vessels, so the block lasts longer and less enters the blood
2. BIt speeds up the removal of the anaesthetic from the tissue into the blood
3. CIt prevents allergic reactions to the anaesthetic
4. DIt makes the anaesthetic act on the brain as well

Nitrofurantoin is used mainly to treat:

1. AUncomplicated cystitis (lower urinary infection)
2. BBone infections
3. CBacterial meningitis in adults and children
4. DPneumonia

Why do nurses wear chemotherapy-tested gloves and gowns when handling cytotoxic drugs?

1. ATo protect the drug from light
2. BBecause cytotoxic drugs are radioactive and give off radiation
3. CTo keep the drugs warm during the infusion
4. DTo avoid exposure to drugs that may cause cancer or birth defects

After several years of levodopa treatment, which problem is common?

1. ASevere hypoglycaemia after each dose
2. BDyskinesias and "on–off" fluctuations in response
3. CPermanent hearing loss
4. DComplete and permanent loss of all Parkinson's symptoms

लोडिंग खुराक किसलिए दी जाती है?

1. Aएलर्जी प्रतिक्रिया जाँचने के लिए
2. Bलक्ष्य प्लाज़्मा सांद्रता तक जल्दी पहुँचने के लिए
3. Cदवा का अवशोषण धीमा करने के लिए
4. Dउपचार की शुरुआत में दुष्प्रभाव घटाने के लिए

Which description fits tardive dyskinesia?

1. AA sudden painful spasm of the neck muscles and upward rolling of the eyes within days of the first dose
2. BA low white cell count with sore throat and fever
3. CHigh fever with lead-pipe rigidity and confusion
4. DInvoluntary movements of the lips, tongue and face after long-term antipsychotic use

A patient on weekly methotrexate is prescribed trimethoprim for a urinary infection. What is the main risk?

1. AHypoglycaemia from reduced liver glucose output
2. BLoss of antibiotic effect because methotrexate binds trimethoprim
3. CBone marrow suppression, because both drugs inhibit folate metabolism
4. DSevere hypertension from the combination

A patient on disulfiram becomes flushed, nauseated and has palpitations after using a mouthwash. What is the most likely cause?

1. AAlcohol in the mouthwash caused a disulfiram–alcohol reaction
2. BDisulfiram toxicity from taking too many tablets by mistake
3. CAn allergy to mint flavouring in the mouthwash
4. DLow blood glucose from skipping breakfast