उत्तरों सहित औषध विज्ञान वर्कशीट

Why is folinic acid (leucovorin) given after high-dose methotrexate?

1. ATo make methotrexate act faster on the tumour
2. BTo prevent nausea and vomiting after the methotrexate
3. CTo treat an allergic reaction to methotrexate
4. DTo protect normal cells from methotrexate toxicity

Donepezil, used in Alzheimer's disease, belongs to which class?

1. AAcetylcholinesterase inhibitors
2. BSelective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
3. CDopamine agonists
4. DBenzodiazepines

How does tramadol relieve pain?

1. ABlocking COX enzymes in the periphery
2. BAntagonising NMDA receptors in the spinal cord and blocking sodium channels
3. CWeak opioid agonism plus inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin and noradrenaline
4. DBlocking sodium channels in peripheral nerves

A patient with a peanut allergy is taught to use an adrenaline auto-injector. Which statement is correct?

1. AThere is no need to see a doctor if the swelling goes down
2. BUse it only if the antihistamine has not worked after an hour
3. CKeep it at home so it is not lost
4. DCall emergency services after using it, even if symptoms improve

A patient receives lactulose for hepatic encephalopathy. Which finding shows that it is working?

1. ATen watery stools a day and a low serum potassium
2. BBetter alertness and orientation, with two to three soft stools a day
3. CHigher blood ammonia with improved appetite
4. DNo bowel movement for three days, with less confusion than before

Why are many drugs started at lower doses in older adults?

1. AOlder adults always weigh more than younger adults, so drugs last longer
2. BOlder adults absorb no drugs from the stomach
3. CKidney and liver clearance often decline, and sensitivity to drugs increases
4. DLower doses are cheaper for older patients

A patient has SIADH with mild hyponatraemia and no neurological symptoms. What is usually the first-line treatment?

1. ALarge volumes of IV glucose 5%
2. BA rapid bolus of hypertonic saline
3. CDesmopressin
4. DFluid restriction

Why are antipsychotics used with great caution in older people with dementia?

1. AThey are not absorbed in people over 65
2. BThey cause severe hypoglycaemia in older people
3. CThey are linked to a higher risk of stroke and death
4. DThey always cure the dementia and stop all behaviour problems