उत्तरों सहित औषध विज्ञान वर्कशीट

How do local anaesthetics such as lidocaine block pain?

1. AThey block voltage-gated sodium channels in nerve membranes
2. BThey activate opioid receptors in the spinal cord
3. CThey enhance the action of GABA in the brain and spinal cord
4. DThey block prostaglandin synthesis at the injury site

Which drug is an antidote for methanol or ethylene glycol (antifreeze) poisoning?

1. AFlumazenil
2. BNaloxone
3. CAtropine
4. DFomepizole

Zolpidem is mainly prescribed for:

1. AShort-term treatment of insomnia
2. BPrevention of migraine
3. CTreatment of Parkinson's disease
4. DLong-term treatment of depression

A patient starting niacin (nicotinic acid) complains of flushing and warmth after doses. Which advice may reduce this?

1. ATake aspirin 30 minutes before the niacin, if the prescriber agrees
2. BDouble the dose to build tolerance faster
3. CTake the niacin with a hot drink so that it dissolves and acts faster
4. DTake it on an empty stomach in a hot bath

A prescriber gives a verbal medication order in an emergency. What should the nurse do?

1. ARemember it and write it in the chart at the end of the shift
2. BAsk another nurse to remember the order
3. CGive the drug without recording the order
4. DWrite it down and read it back to the prescriber to confirm

Why is directly observed therapy (DOT) often used for tuberculosis?

1. AThe drugs work only if a nurse is present
2. BPatients with TB cannot swallow tablets
3. CTB drugs must always be given intravenously in hospital
4. DTreatment lasts months, and missed doses cause resistance

A patient is switched from oral to intravenous morphine. Why is the IV dose lower than the oral dose?

1. AIV morphine is excreted much more slowly by the kidney than oral morphine
2. BOral morphine has a large first-pass effect, so less reaches the blood
3. CThe oral route causes tolerance faster than the IV route
4. DIV morphine is a stronger chemical form of the drug

A patient develops a dry cough on an ACE inhibitor and is switched to losartan. Why is losartan less likely to cause cough?

1. AIt is excreted faster by the kidney
2. BIt does not block the breakdown of bradykinin
3. CIt blocks histamine receptors in the airways
4. DIt also acts as a bronchodilator