A woman with a placenta praevia at 35 weeks is waiting for a planned caesarean. Which activity should she avoid?
ASexual intercourse
BLying on her side
CEating a normal diet
DGentle walking
3.Perhitungan dosisSedang
Sebuah vial berisi 500 mg serbuk. Labelnya menyatakan: tambahkan 1,8 mL air untuk injeksi sehingga volume totalnya 2 mL. Resepnya 300 mg. Berapa volume V larutan hasil rekonstitusi yang Anda berikan?
500 mg+ 1,8 mL → 2 mL300 mg
V = mL
4.Perhitungan dosisSulit
Anda harus menyiapkan 100 mL larutan 5% (b/v) dari larutan stok 25% (b/v). Berapa volume stok V₁ yang Anda perlukan?
C₁ = 25%C₂ = 5%V₂ = 100 mL
V₁ = mL
5.Laju infus IVSedang
Sebuah infus menetes 50 gtt/min melalui set 20 gtt/mL. Berapa mililiter V yang diterima pasien dalam 12 jam?
50 gtt/min20 gtt/mL12 h
V = mL
6.Laju infus IVSulit
Infus menetes dengan laju 32 tts/menit melalui set 20 tts/mL. Tersisa 600 mL di kantong. Berapa jam t lagi hingga kosong? Bulatkan ke satu angka desimal.
32 gtt/min20 gtt/mL600 mL
t = h
3Larutan
1.Keperawatan maternitas & obstetri
Jawaban: A · Engagement, desensus, fleksi, rotasi internal, ekstensi
Mengapa ini jawabannya
Gerakan kardinal adalah engagement, desensus, fleksi, rotasi internal, ekstensi, rotasi eksternal (restitusi), dan ekspulsi.
Jawaban
A · Engagement, desensus, fleksi, rotasi internal, ekstensi
2.Keperawatan maternitas & obstetri
Jawaban: A · Sexual intercourse
Mengapa ini jawabannya
Women with placenta praevia are advised to avoid intercourse and anything inserted into the vagina because it may cause bleeding. They should report any bleeding or contractions straight away.
Jawaban
A · Sexual intercourse
3.Perhitungan dosis
Jawaban: V = 1,2 mL
Dose calculation: the amount to give equals what is prescribed divided by what you have, times the quantity it comes in: amount = (desired dose/stock strength) × stock volume. Always keep the units the same (convert g to mg, mg to mcg first) and check that the answer is sensible.
Konsentrasi setelah dicampur
500 mg/2 mL = 250 mg/mL
Volume
V = 300/250 = 1,2 mL
Jawaban
V = 1,2 mL
4.Perhitungan dosis
Jawaban: V₁ = 20 mL
Solution strengths: a percentage strength is grams per 100 mL, so 1% = 1 g/100 mL = 10 mg/mL. A ratio strength 1:1000 means 1 g in 1000 mL = 1 mg/mL; 1:10 000 is 0,1 mg/mL. For a dilution the amount of drug stays the same: C₁·V₁ = C₂·V₂.
Volume stok
V₁ = 5·100/25 = 20 mL
Jawaban
V₁ = 20 mL
5.Laju infus IV
Jawaban: V = 1800 mL
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
Laju dalam mL/h
50·60/20 = 150 mL/h
Volume
V = 150·12 = 1800 mL
Jawaban
V = 1800 mL
6.Laju infus IV
Jawaban: t = 6,3 h
Laju infus: pompa diatur dalam mL/h = volume/waktu dalam jam. Tetesan gravitasi dihitung dalam tetes per menit: gtt/min = volume (mL) × faktor tetes (gtt/mL)/waktu (menit). Faktor tetes tercetak pada kemasan set infus: set makrodrip memberikan 10, 15, atau 20 gtt/mL (set transfusi darah sering 10 gtt/mL di AS, 15 di Inggris) dan set mikrodrip 60 gtt/mL. Selalu gunakan faktor tetes yang diberikan soal atau kemasan.