Hormati hak pasien: pilihan yang paling tidak membatasi, persetujuan, dan kerahasiaan beserta batasnya.
2Soal latihan
1.Keperawatan jiwaSedang
A woman with advanced dementia keeps asking for her mother, who died many years ago. Which response is most appropriate?
A"You're thinking about your mother. Tell me about her."
B"Your mother died 30 years ago. You know that."
C"Your mother will visit you later this afternoon."
D"Please stop asking about her now and finish your lunch before it gets cold."
2.Keperawatan jiwaSulit
After a serious bus accident, the nurse is helping uninjured survivors. Which action reflects psychological first aid?
ATell survivors that they will definitely develop PTSD
BAsk each survivor to describe the accident in full detail straight away
CGive every survivor a benzodiazepine at the scene to prevent long-term psychological problems from developing
DProvide safety, comfort and practical help, and connect people with their families and support
3.Psikologi klinisSedang
Klozapin biasanya disediakan untuk skizofrenia yang resisten pengobatan karena:
AKlozapin adalah antipsikotik yang paling tidak efektif, sehingga menjadi pilihan terakhir
BKlozapin hanya bekerja pada gejala negatif
CKlozapin tidak dapat diminum sebagai tablet
DKlozapin dapat menyebabkan agranulositosis, sehingga pemantauan darah rutin diperlukan
4.Psikologi klinisSulit
Temuan otak mana yang berulang kali dilaporkan pada kelompok orang dengan skizofrenia dibandingkan kontrol?
APembesaran lobus frontal pada semua pasien
BPembesaran ventrikel lateral
CTumor di kelenjar hipofisis
DKetiadaan hipokampus sepenuhnya
5.FarmakologiSedang
A patient starting niacin (nicotinic acid) complains of flushing and warmth after doses. Which advice may reduce this?
ATake it on an empty stomach in a hot bath
BTake aspirin 30 minutes before the niacin, if the prescriber agrees
CTake the niacin with a hot drink so that it dissolves and acts faster
DDouble the dose to build tolerance faster
6.FarmakologiSulit
An older patient on amlodipine develops ankle swelling and is prescribed furosemide. She then becomes dizzy and falls. What does this sequence illustrate?
AA prescribing cascade
BA type B allergic reaction
CEnzyme induction
DDrug tolerance
3Larutan
1.Keperawatan jiwa
Jawaban: A · "You're thinking about your mother. Tell me about her."
Mengapa ini jawabannya
In advanced dementia, repeatedly correcting the facts can cause fresh grief each time. Validation responds to the feelings and need behind the words, such as comfort or security, without lying.
Jawaban
A · "You're thinking about your mother. Tell me about her."
2.Keperawatan jiwa
Jawaban: D · Provide safety, comfort and practical help, and connect people with their families and support
Mengapa ini jawabannya
Psychological first aid focuses on safety, calming, practical needs, connection with others and information about support. Forcing people to describe the trauma in detail early on is not recommended.
Jawaban
D · Provide safety, comfort and practical help, and connect people with their families and support
3.Psikologi klinis
Jawaban: D · Klozapin dapat menyebabkan agranulositosis, sehingga pemantauan darah rutin diperlukan
Mengapa ini jawabannya
Klozapin efektif ketika antipsikotik lain gagal, tetapi dapat menyebabkan penurunan neutrofil yang berbahaya, sehingga pasien memerlukan tes darah rutin.
Jawaban
D · Klozapin dapat menyebabkan agranulositosis, sehingga pemantauan darah rutin diperlukan
4.Psikologi klinis
Jawaban: B · Pembesaran ventrikel lateral
Mengapa ini jawabannya
Pembesaran ventrikel dan berkurangnya substansia grisea ditemukan secara rata-rata pada skizofrenia. Perbedaan ini adalah rata-rata kelompok dan tidak bersifat diagnostik untuk individu.
Jawaban
B · Pembesaran ventrikel lateral
5.Farmakologi
Jawaban: B · Take aspirin 30 minutes before the niacin, if the prescriber agrees
Mengapa ini jawabannya
Niacin causes prostaglandin-mediated vasodilation and flushing. Aspirin beforehand, taking it with food and avoiding hot drinks and alcohol reduce this effect.
Jawaban
B · Take aspirin 30 minutes before the niacin, if the prescriber agrees
6.Farmakologi
Jawaban: A · A prescribing cascade
Mengapa ini jawabannya
In a prescribing cascade, an adverse effect of one drug is mistaken for a new condition and treated with another drug, which brings new risks. Amlodipine oedema does not respond well to diuretics; reviewing the original drug is better.