Hormati hak pasien: pilihan yang paling tidak membatasi, persetujuan, dan kerahasiaan beserta batasnya.
2Soal latihan
1.Keperawatan jiwaSedang
A patient with borderline personality disorder has made superficial cuts to her arm on the ward. What is the most appropriate nursing response?
AGive her a lot of extra attention for the rest of the day
BTreat the wounds in a calm, matter-of-fact way and assess her current risk and feelings
CScold her for breaking the ward rules and remove all her privileges
DIgnore the wounds completely so as not to reinforce the self-harming behaviour in any way
2.Keperawatan jiwaSulit
A patient who believes he is a famous religious leader becomes upset when other patients laugh at him. What is the most appropriate nursing action?
AEncourage the other patients to explain why the belief is wrong
BProtect him from ridicule, avoid arguing and focus on real activities
CAsk him to prove his identity in front of the group, so that the laughing stops
DAgree that he is the religious leader so that he feels respected
3.Psikologi klinisSedang
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) meningkatkan serotonin di sinaps dengan cara:
AMenghambat pelepasan dopamin
BMenghancurkan reseptor serotonin
CMenghambat pengambilan kembali serotonin ke neuron prasinaps
DMempercepat pemecahan serotonin oleh enzim monoamin oksidase
4.Psikologi klinisSulit
Seorang tentara mengalami PTSD sementara sebagian besar rekannya yang terpapar pertempuran yang sama tidak. Model mana yang paling tepat menjelaskan perbedaan ini?
AModel diatesis–stres
BModel medis infeksi
CModel kelangkaan statistik
DModel token economy
5.FarmakologiSedang
How many micrograms are in 0,5 mg?
A50 micrograms
B5 micrograms
C500 micrograms
D5000 micrograms
6.FarmakologiSulit
Obat antiepilepsi mana yang memiliki risiko yang paling dikenal untuk cacat tabung saraf dan masalah perkembangan bila dikonsumsi selama kehamilan?
ALevetirasetam
BLamotrigin
CGabapentin
DNatrium valproat
3Larutan
1.Keperawatan jiwa
Jawaban: B · Treat the wounds in a calm, matter-of-fact way and assess her current risk and feelings
Mengapa ini jawabannya
Wounds need care, and self-harm requires risk assessment. A calm, non-judgemental response avoids both punishment and unintended reinforcement, and helps the patient explore triggers and safer coping.
Jawaban
B · Treat the wounds in a calm, matter-of-fact way and assess her current risk and feelings
2.Keperawatan jiwa
Jawaban: B · Protect him from ridicule, avoid arguing and focus on real activities
Mengapa ini jawabannya
Arguing or agreeing strengthens a delusion. The nurse protects the patient's dignity, responds to his feelings and focuses on real, present activities and concerns.
Jawaban
B · Protect him from ridicule, avoid arguing and focus on real activities
3.Psikologi klinis
Jawaban: C · Menghambat pengambilan kembali serotonin ke neuron prasinaps
Mengapa ini jawabannya
SSRI menghambat transporter serotonin sehingga serotonin bertahan lebih lama di celah sinaps. Efek klinis biasanya memerlukan beberapa minggu.
Jawaban
C · Menghambat pengambilan kembali serotonin ke neuron prasinaps
4.Psikologi klinis
Jawaban: A · Model diatesis–stres
Mengapa ini jawabannya
Model diatesis–stres menyatakan bahwa stresor menyebabkan gangguan terutama pada orang yang sudah memiliki kerentanan, seperti risiko genetik, trauma sebelumnya, atau dukungan sosial yang buruk.
Jawaban
A · Model diatesis–stres
5.Farmakologi
Jawaban: C · 500 micrograms
Mengapa ini jawabannya
0,5 mg × 1000 = 500 micrograms. Writing "micrograms" in full (or "mcg" in US practice), not "µg", helps avoid confusion with "mg".
Jawaban
C · 500 micrograms
6.Farmakologi
Jawaban: D · Natrium valproat
Mengapa ini jawabannya
Valproat sangat teratogenik, menyebabkan cacat tabung saraf dan malformasi lain, serta memengaruhi perkembangan saraf. Obat ini harus dihindari selama kehamilan kecuali tidak ada alternatif yang berhasil.