Hormati hak pasien: pilihan yang paling tidak membatasi, persetujuan, dan kerahasiaan beserta batasnya.
2Soal latihan
1.Keperawatan jiwaSedang
Which feature helps distinguish normal grief from major depression?
AGrief always lasts less than 2 weeks
BIn grief, the person cannot feel any positive emotions or enjoy any memories of the person who died
CIn grief, the person feels worthless and hopeless all the time
DIn grief, painful feelings come in waves and self-esteem is usually kept
2.Keperawatan jiwaSulit
A child has been admitted several times with unexplained fevers that only happen when her mother is present. Staff see the mother tampering with the child's IV line. What is the priority action?
ADiscuss the matter with the mother alone and ask her to stop
BDocument the event carefully in the notes and wait to see whether it happens again before telling anyone else
CDischarge the child home with the mother as soon as possible
DEnsure the child's safety and follow child protection procedures
3.Psikologi klinisSedang
Dalam model dua faktor fobia (Mowrer), bagaimana fobia dipertahankan?
APenghindaran mengurangi kecemasan, sehingga penghindaran diperkuat secara negatif
BKetakutan hanya dipelajari dengan mengamati orang lain
CMelalui hukuman dari orang lain terhadap perilaku mendekat, yang justru memperkuat rasa takut itu sendiri
DMelalui penguatan positif ketakutan dengan hadiah
4.Psikologi klinisSulit
Seorang peneliti menemukan bahwa anak adopsi yang ibu biologisnya menderita skizofrenia lebih sering mengalaminya daripada anak adopsi yang ibu biologisnya tidak, meskipun dibesarkan oleh keluarga yang tidak terdampak. Apa yang dapat dipisahkan oleh desain ini?
AEfek obat antipsikotik dari efek terapi psikologis
BGejala positif dari gejala negatif
CPengaruh genetik dari efek lingkungan pengasuhan
DDiagnosis menurut DSM dari diagnosis menurut ICD
5.FarmakologiSedang
Which approach is usually recommended to prevent constipation in a patient on regular opioids?
ABulk-forming fibre alone, with fluid intake restricted
BA stimulant laxative such as senna, often with a stool softener
CAn antidiarrhoeal drug at night to slow the gut
DNo laxative until the patient has not opened the bowels for a week
6.FarmakologiSulit
A patient taking metoprolol is also started on verapamil. Which adverse effect is most likely?
ASevere bradycardia and heart block
BRebound tachycardia and hypertension
CHyperkalaemia and muscle weakness
DHypoglycaemia and weight gain
3Larutan
1.Keperawatan jiwa
Jawaban: D · In grief, painful feelings come in waves and self-esteem is usually kept
Mengapa ini jawabannya
In grief, sadness tends to come in waves linked to reminders of the loss, and positive memories and humour are possible. Pervasive worthlessness, self-loathing and hopelessness suggest depression.
Jawaban
D · In grief, painful feelings come in waves and self-esteem is usually kept
2.Keperawatan jiwa
Jawaban: D · Ensure the child's safety and follow child protection procedures
Mengapa ini jawabannya
This suggests factitious disorder imposed on another, which is a form of child abuse. The nurse protects the child and reports through safeguarding procedures. Confronting the parent alone can increase the risk to the child.
Jawaban
D · Ensure the child's safety and follow child protection procedures
3.Psikologi klinis
Jawaban: A · Penghindaran mengurangi kecemasan, sehingga penghindaran diperkuat secara negatif
Mengapa ini jawabannya
Ketakutan diperoleh melalui pengondisian klasik dan bertahan karena menghindari objek yang ditakuti mengurangi kecemasan, yang memperkuat penghindaran secara negatif.
Jawaban
A · Penghindaran mengurangi kecemasan, sehingga penghindaran diperkuat secara negatif
4.Psikologi klinis
Jawaban: C · Pengaruh genetik dari efek lingkungan pengasuhan
Mengapa ini jawabannya
Studi adopsi, seperti studi Heston dan studi Denmark, memisahkan risiko genetik dari lingkungan keluarga karena anak dibesarkan jauh dari orang tua biologisnya.
Jawaban
C · Pengaruh genetik dari efek lingkungan pengasuhan
5.Farmakologi
Jawaban: B · A stimulant laxative such as senna, often with a stool softener
Mengapa ini jawabannya
Opioid-induced constipation does not usually resolve with time, so a laxative is started with the opioid. Stimulant laxatives counter reduced motility; bulk-forming laxatives alone can worsen symptoms if fluid intake is low.
Jawaban
B · A stimulant laxative such as senna, often with a stool softener
6.Farmakologi
Jawaban: A · Severe bradycardia and heart block
Mengapa ini jawabannya
Beta blockers and non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (verapamil, diltiazem) both slow heart rate and AV conduction. Together they can cause severe bradycardia, heart block and heart failure.